The both Atlantic side relations from the ancient time had been faced with too much challenge but the continuing of this relation is due to the common political and economical interests. The upper Atlantic and the two organizations (NATO, EU) still exist to gain the essential goals and the political and security connection which are boosting with the economical integration at the same time. But...

background there is significant prevalence of physical injuries sustained by civilian recruits at military training garrisons. civilian recruits sustain these injuries mostly during the intensive and rigorous military combat-training period. objectives we sought to determine the prevalence and causes of oral and maxillofacial injuries as the first step in reducing and preventing them in civilia...

with its favorable geographical location, qazvin has long been a center of civilization in the iranian plateau. due to its strategic importance and being situated on the way to routes going to west and east, qazvin has always enjoyed military and political significance in both the pre-islamic and the islamic period. after the muslim arabs’ conquest of persia, qazvin became one of the borders of...

the political, social transformation in 1940’s, are counted as an importance point in recent history of iran. for increasing the process of reconstruction, mohammad reza shah conquest and destroyed the opponents of this program using military forces and savak (intelligence agency). these opponents believe in working under the mashroote laws. after devastating these opponents, new opponents appe...

Military interventions have an important place in the Turkish Political History. Military interventions are commonly called coup in the society. By coup we mean that the armed forces seize political power either by a group of officer in the army or by chain of command. Coups not only weaken but also suspend the democracy in a country. All periods of coup created its own victims. Two military co...

Conflicts in cyberspace are a reality: elements of any political, economic and military conflict now take place in and around the internet. Not surprisingly cyberwar has become a buzzword in the media and in the political debate. The term has come to refer to any phenomenon involving a deliberate disruptive or destructive use of computers. There also is a widespread tendency to hype the issue w...

I ndigenous peoples in Latin America dispatched the twentieth century as they did the eighteenth, with a wave of social mobilizations that frightened elites and dramatically altered the political possibilities for a democratizing and modernizing continent. In the 1780s, the Aymara, Quechua, and mestizo armies of Túpaj Katari and Túpac Amaru initiated what some have called the “first war of inde...