The rheology of dense granular flows is studied numerically in a shear cell controlled at constant pressure and shear stress, confined between two granular shear flows. We show that a liquid state can be achieved even far below the yield stress, whose flow can be described with the same rheology as above the yield stress. A nonlocal constitutive relation is derived from dimensional analysis thr...

The present paper deals with fully developed one dimensional Bingham plastic flow of blood through a small artery having multiple stenoses and post-stenotic dilatation. We have determined the resistanceto flow -ratio for yield stresses 0, .02, .04 n/m, blood viscosities 0.00345, 0.004, 0.00455 Pa.s and fluxes 1, 10, 100. The resistanceto flow moves nearer to unity as yield stress increases and ...

Environmental pollution, global warming and climate change exacerbate the impact of biotic and abiotic stresses on plant growth and yield. Plants have evolved sophisticated defence network, also called innate immune system, in response to ever- changing environmental conditions. Significant progress has been made in identifying the key stress-inducible genes associated with defence response to ...

This paper describes a stress-strain interpolation method to model the macroscopic anisotropic elasto-plastic behavior of polycrystalline materials. Accurate analytical descriptions of yield loci derived from crystallographic texture [Int. J. Plasticity 19 (2003) 647; J. Phys. IV France 105 (2003) 39] are an interesting alternative to finite element models, where the macroscopic stress is provi...

To reveal and quantify the interactive effects of drought stresses and elevated CO2 concentration [CO2] on photochemistry efficiency of cucumber seedlings, the portable chlorophyll meter was used to measure the chlorophyll content, and the Imaging-PAM was used to image the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and rapid light response curves (RLC) of leaves in two adjacent greenhouses. The result...

The balance between local remodeling and accumulation of trabecular bone microdamage is believed to play an important role in the maintenance of skeletal integrity. However, the local mechanical parameters associated with microdamage initiation are not well understood. Using histological damage labeling, micro-CT imaging, and image-based finite element analysis, regions of trabecular bone micro...

Yield stress fluids have proven difficult to characterize, and a reproducible determination of the yield stress is difficult. We study two types of yield stress fluids (YSF) in a single system: simple and thixotropic ones. This allows us to show that simple YSF are simply a special case of thixotropic ones, and to pinpoint the difference between static and dynamic yield stresses, one of the maj...

A field experiment was conducted to determine the sensitivity of wheat to water stress and changes in water relations and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under water stress conditions applied at different growth stages. The experiment comprised of two wheat cultivars and four water stress treatments, maintained by withholding water at tillering, anthesis, and at both stages. Water stress ...

Year-to-year variability in yield is a major concern in U.S. cotton production. Recent literature and hypotheses indicate that this yield variability is mostly related to extreme environmental conditions, particularly high temperatures and drought, as well as a peak in genetic improvements in yield. It is speculated that modern and obsolete cultivars partition dry matter and energy pools differ...

The large deformation mechanical response of complex fluids and soft materials provides fundamental insight into their underlying microstructure and dynamics. Additionally, associated yielding and flow processes are often central to industrial processing and end-use. By probing nonlinear rheological properties at the microscopic scale, microstructural dynamics and flow mechanisms can be more di...