Trends in surface temperature over the last 100, 50, and 30 yr at individual grid boxes in a 5° latitude– longitude grid are compared with model estimates of the natural internal variability of these trends and with the model response to increasing greenhouse gases and sulfate aerosols. Three different climate models are used to provide estimates of the internal variability of trends, one of wh...

We review the scientific literature since the 1960s to examine the evolution of modeling tools and observations that have advanced understanding of global stratospheric temperature changes. Observations show overall cooling of the stratosphere during the period for which they are available (since the late 1950s and late 1970s from radiosondes and satellites, respectively), interrupted by episod...

A new publication by NOAA (US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) claims to have removed the previously evident discrepancies between mean global temperature anomalies measured on the surface and those measured in the lower troposphere. It claims that a combination of attention to inaccuracies and the use of linear regression equations on selected climate sequences have removed the...

Understanding the warming trends at local level is critical; and, the development of relevant adaptation and mitigation policies at those levels are quite challenging. Here, our overall goal was to generate local warming trend map at 1 km spatial resolution by using: (i) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-based 8-day composite surface temperature data; (ii) weather station-ba...

introduction the city population, in particular at the industrialized cities and centers of provinces, has increased dramatically in iran during recent decades. arak city is among of those industrialized cities as a centers of markazi province which has experienced a fast increase in population. this changes in population numbers tend to increase in consuming water resources as well as increasi...

This study attempts to discover the pattern of rural library usage among rural youth in Malaysia and to determine the problems that are associated with such usage. The findings of this study provide an insight into youth usage of rural library services. The most obvious pattern that resulted from the findings is the connection between library usage and the availability of reading materials. Fur...

This study compares three interpolation methods to create continuous surfaces that describe temperature trends in Bangladesh between years 1948 and 2007. The reviewed techniques include Spline, Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) and Kriging. A statistical assessment based on univariate statistics of the resulting continuous surfaces indicates that there is little difference in the predictive powe...

An analysis of historical sea surface temperatures provides evidence for global warming since 1900, in line with land-based analyses of global temperature trends, and also shows that over the same period, the eastern equatorial Pacific cooled and the zonal sea surface temperature gradient strengthened. Recent theoretical studies have predicted such a pattern as a response of the coupled ocean-a...

1 National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307 12 2 Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6BB, 13 UK 14 3 NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08542 15 4 Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics, Oxford University, Oxford 16 OX1 3PU UK 17 5 Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique/IPSL, CNRS, Ecole Polytechniq...

Linear least-squares temperature trends were investigated for coastal sites and nearshore areas around Florida. Land air temperature data are from the Historical Climatology Network, littoral water temperature data are from Coast and Geodetic Survey tide gauges, and near-shore pelagic marine air temperatures and sea surface temperatures are from the Combined OceanAtmosphere Data Set (38 indepen...