has suggested that telomere-binding proteins provide these functions. Telomere-Binding Proteins. The binding proteins that mediate telomere function come in two flavors: double-stranded DNA-binding proteins and single-stranded DNA end–binding proteins. The best-characterized end-Rarely it seems does a new result emerge, loop around, binding protein is the ␣/␤ heterodimer protein from Oxy-and bi...

A commentary on TERRA expression levels do not correlate with telomere length and radiation sensitivity in human cancer cell lines We read with great interest the Research Article by Smirnova et al. (1) in which sets of isogenic subclones isolated from human cancer cell lines were used to investigate the impact of telomere length on telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) expression. The first ...

E lizabeth Blackburn is the leading lady of telomere biology. Her discovery of telomerase with her graduate student Carol Greider in 1985 revealed for the fi rst time how the complex, repetitive ends of chromosomes—regions that normal DNA replication machinery can't cope with—are maintained (1).< I D > J C B 1 8 0 6 p i 1. e p s < / I D > Without telomerase, our chromosomes would shorten increm...

Uprkos činjenici da su lekovi protiv tuberkuloze otkriveni pre više od 50 godina i da je tuberkuloza izlečiva bolest, ona i danas predstavlja veliki zdravstveni i socijalni problem kako u zemljama u razvoju, tako i u visokorazvijenim zemljama. Prema podacima Svetske zdravstvene organizacije (SZO) u svetu se godišnje registruje 8−10 miliona novoobolelih, a svake godine od ove bolesti umire oko d...

Tag team at the telomeres I t takes two crews of proteins to keep the telomeres in fi ne fettle, as Kim et al. show. TRF1 and TRF2 are just two of the proteins that ensure that a cell's telomeres remain long and structurally sound. Another protein, TIN2, links up with both molecules and with other proteins to form complexes that help maintain the telomeres. However, researchers weren't sure whe...

T elomeres are unique protein–DNA structures that comprise the termini of eukaryotic linear chromosomes (for review see references 1, 2). Telomeric DNA does not contain protein-encoding genes but rather consists of G-rich hexanu-cleotide repeats that in vertebrate cells are (TTAGGG) n sequences. Based on studies initially carried out in yeast and other single cell organisms, it appears that tel...

Telomeres come up shor t in hear t regeneration During embryogenesis, and for about a week after birth, mouse cardiomyocytes can proliferate and replace damaged heart tissue, but this regenerative capacity is lost as the mice grow older (1, 2). Newborn humans, too, can repair injured myo-cardium (3), but, in adults, heart attacks cause permanent damage, often leading to heart failure and death....

During meiosis, chromosomes acquire unique features: the two pairs of sister chromatids form axial elements (Aes) that synapse and form the synaptonemal complex (sC), telo-meres attach to the nuclear membrane where they form a cluster that later disassembles, meiotic recombination between the two pairs of sister chromatids happens and chiasmata are formed as an obligatory structure that keeps t...

We have observed that a cis-acting regulatory element, known as site II, is overrepresented in the promoters of nuclear genes encoding components of the oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) machinery from both Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and rice (Oryza sativa). Site II elements have been described in promoters of rice and Arabidopsis proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) genes (Kosugi...

onion is one of the important strategic crop plants of a highly valuable nutritional food source, consumed almost around the whole world. thus, the genetically oriented studies around the plant are valuable and inevitable. for a following of these studies, some onion masses from various regions throughout iran, including: kashan-white, azarshahr-red, isfahan-dorcheh, ghom-white, zanjan-gholighe...