The purpose of this paper is to provide a tutorial of data analysis methods for answering questions that arise in analyzing data from wine-tasting events: (i) measuring agreement of two judges and its extension tom judges; (ii) making comparisons of judges across years; (iii) comparing two wines; (iv) designing tasting procedures to reduce burden of multiple tastings; (v) ranking of judges; and...

Independent experimental manipulation of subjective intensity and hedonic tone is required if one wants to study their separate effects on brain activity and behavior. This is problematic because hedonic tone and subjective intensity are related, leading to a pleasantness change each time the stimulus intensity is altered. In the present study, a solution to this problem was explored by combini...

EXPERIENCE? FELIPE REINOSO CARVALHO, RAYMOND VAN EE, MONIKA RYCHTARIKOVA, ABDELLAH TOUHAFI, KRIS STEENHAUT, DOMINIQUE PERSOONE, CHARLES SPENCE and MARC LEMAN Department of Electronics and Informatics (ETRO), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium Department of Experimental Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Department of Biophysics, Donders Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Th...

Recent molecular findings indicate that many different G-protein-coupled taste receptors that bind with "bitter-tasting" ligands are coexpressed in single taste receptor cells in taste buds, leading to the prediction that mammals can respond behaviorally to structurally diverse "bitter" tastants but cannot discriminate among them. However, recent in situ calcium-imaging findings imply that rat ...

Mammalian spermatogenesis and sperm maturation are susceptible to the effects of internal and external factors. However, how male germ cells interact with and respond to these elements including those potentially toxic substances is poorly understood. Here, we show that many bitter-taste receptors (T2rs), which are believed to function as gatekeepers in the oral cavity to detect and innately pr...