This paper studies the impact of trade liberalization in terms of tariff cuts within the Eastern European enlargement on German and Austrian firm productivity. Unique matching of data from 1994 to 2003 suggests that tariff reductions raise parent firm productivity significantly. A ten percentage point decrease in tariff rates can lead to total factor productivity gains of up to 2 percent. The d...

There is significant evidence of variation in the penalties awarded in cases of plagiarism across the higher education sector, which has led to calls for standardisation of treatment. In this context, the annual reports of the Office of the Independent Adjudicator for Higher Education (OIA) in the UK have identified increases in the numbers of complaints pertaining to judgements of academic mis...

An attractive approach to managing electricity demand in the Smart Grid relies on real-time pricing (RTP) tariffs, where customers are incentivized to quickly adapt to changes in the cost of supply. However, choosing amongst competitive RTP tariffs is difficult when tariff prices change rapidly. The problem is further complicated when we assume that the price changes for a tariff are published ...

The purpose of this article is to investigate the impact that the introduction of a carbon price signal will have on wholesale electricity prices, carbon-pass-through rates and retail electricity rates in the states making up the Australian National Electricity Market (NEM). In order to assess this, we employ an agent based model of the NEM called the ANEM model which contains many of the salie...

In many service industries, firms introduce three-part tariffs to replace or complement existing two-part tariffs. While both twoand three-part tariffs have been studied in the extant literature, to our best knowledge there have been no empirical studies of customer choice and usage when both types of tariffs are on offer. A pertinent question in that context is whether three-part tariff usage ...

Typically the cost of a product has many components. Various components correspond to the production chain steps through which the product goes before meeting a customer. This also takes place in the price formation in wireless networks. For instance, before transmitting customer data, a network operator has to buy some frequency range and also establish contracts with electricity providers. In...

Public finance experts have long explored the issue of income taxes making the cost of market transactions higher than nonmarket ones. A 50 percent income tax, for example, requires $20,000 in income to purchase $10,000 of market goods. The tax can be avoided, however, if the same goods can be produced at home. The upshot is that income taxes encourage the home production of goods and services ...

An integrated transport system is the way how to provide transport service in the region by integrating all modes of transport. The design of this system is connected with solving of several optimization problems such as coordination of connections in transport modes, optimization of connection supply, minimization of time losses related to the changing of travel connection and the design of th...

conclusions based on the results of this research, it seems that allocating public resources in the form of providing health insurance or government subsidies can decline financial burden of drugs on patients. results the results showed that the estimated effects of sub-specialist visits tariff and general physician visits tariff on the drug demand were positive but not significant (p > 0.05) a...