objective: the greatest challenge in cancer gene therapy is to achieve the high specificity and efficiency in targeting of cancer cells. because the goal of cancer gene therapy is to eradicate cancer cells, many therapeutic genes could be detrimental if unintentionally expressed in normal cells. using promoter of the genes which are expressed specifically in cancer cells or have much more expre...

multiple gene silencing is being required to target and tangle metabolic pathways in eukaryotes and researchers have to develop a subtle method for construction of rna interference (rnai) cassettes. although, several vectors have been developed due to different screening and cloning strategies but still some potential limitations remain to be dissolved. here, we worked out a simple cloning stra...

objective(s): p-glycoprotein (p-gp) is an efflux protein, the overexpression of which has been associated with multidrug resistance in various cancers. although sirna delivery to reverse p-gp expression may be promising for sensitizing of tumor cells to cytotoxic drugs, the therapeutic use of sirna requires effective carriers that can deliver sirna intracellularly with minimal toxicity on targe...

Conserving contiguous areas often enhances environmental benefits. However, most conservation efforts are voluntary, incentive-based, do not reward landowners for contiguity, or select based on contiguity. Thus, achieving optimal contiguity of conserved parcels is unlikely especially with limited budgets. Using laboratory and artefactual field experiments, this paper evaluates two mechanisms in...

Firms increasingly use consumers’ information to personalize their communication. Personalized advertisements, targeted based on users’ past behavior, offer users relevant product information that fits their preferences. In this study, we investigate the implications of explicit targeting, making the underlying targeting mechanism explicit to consumers, and ad message framing, in terms of utili...

Using a daily survey of U.S. households, we study how the Federal Reserve’s announcement its new strategy average inflation targeting affected households’ expectations. Starting with day announcement, there is very small uptick in minority households reporting that they had heard news about monetary policy relative to prior but this effect fades within few days. Those hearing do not seem have u...