A population (SERD3) of the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.) with field-evolved resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD-1 (Dipel) and B. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai (Florbac) was collected. Laboratory-based selection of two subpopulations of SERD3 with B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Btk-Sel) or B. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai (Bta-Sel) increased resistance to the se...

According to currently available data, 159 species of genus Taraxacum F. H. Wigg. were reported for North-West Russia (i. e. within the city Saint-Petersburg, Leningrad Region, Pskov and Novgorod Region), but among them specimens only 126 identified with reliability. Five are in this article as new Russia, a whole: T. acervatulum Rail., hepaticum macranthoides G. E. Haglund, sertatum Kirschner,...

BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of Francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia, has been primarily characterized in mice. However, the high degree of sensitivity of mice to bacterial challenge, especially with the human virulent strains of F. tularensis, limits this animal model for screening of defined attenuated vaccine candidates for protection studies. METHODS AND FINDINGS We ana...

We analyzed the multilocus short sequence repeats (SSRs) of 211 and 56 isolates of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and M. avium subsp. avium, respectively. The M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates could be differentiated into 61 genotypes. The M. avium subsp. avium isolates showed limited diversity. These SSRs are stable and suitable for studying the molecular epidemiology of M...

PURPOSE Streptococcus oralis and Streptococcus mitis belong to the Mitis group, which are mostly commensals in the human oral cavity. Even though S. oralis and S. mitis are oral commensals, they can be opportunistic pathogens causing infective endocarditis. A recent taxonomic re-evaluation of the Mitis group has embedded the species Streptococcus tigurinus and Streptococcus dentisani into the s...

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the cause of Johne's disease in cattle and other ruminants. M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection of the bovine host is not well understood; however, it is assumed that crossing the bovine intestinal mucosa is important in order for M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis to establish infection. To examine the ability of M. avium subsp. paratuberculo...

Using a sequenced pectate lyase-encoding gene (pel gene), we developed a PCR test for Erwinia carotovora. A set of primers allowed the amplification of a 434-bp fragment in E. carotovora strains. Among the 89 E. carotovora strains tested, only the Erwinia carotovora subsp. betavasculorum strains were not detected. A restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) study was undertaken on the amp...