â  â  a comparative study of books related to writing instruction in arabic language and subh al-asha â â â â â â â  ali zahed poor * â  â  abstract â â â  there are several books in arabic language on writing styles and instructions as well as the characteristics of writers. the present article is an attempt to introduce and critically and comparatively study the books written from the early o...

when cultures collide, through its major activities that emanate from the translation, they can flourish themselves. intimacy and familiarity of the islamic world with greek medical heritage which happened to be in the golden age of the abbasids in baghdad, led to the enrichment and prosperity of islamic medicine. this sort of familiarity and reproductivity grew among nestorian christians throu...

Despite considerable debate as to Wal-Mart’s impact on retail workers, to date there has been little structural analysis on the topic. This paper measures and tests for Wal-Mart’s monopsony power in local labor markets using a dominant-firm model and data on contiguous U.S. counties where the company operates. Empirical results show that Wal-Mart’s monopsony power over workers varies significan...

This paper investigates the impact of two Wal-Mart buy-American initiatives implemented in 1989 and abolished in 1992. Utilizing the data of a hat firm facing the choice of domestic production or losing all Wal-Mart sales, we formulated a model of the firm location decision given a subsidy. From this model, we were able to determine the necessary subsidy amount to induce a firm to produce domes...

The commercial real estate sector is responsible for a large share of a city’s overall carbon footprint. An ongoing trend in this sector has been the entry of big-box stores such as Wal-Mart. Using a unique monthly panel data set for every Wal-Mart store in California from 2006 through 2011, we document three main findings about the environmental performance of big-box retailers. First, Wal-Mar...

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