background :being informed of new methods of teaching and comparing their outcome help teachers use more effective and efficient methods in developing and implementing new training courses. the aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of epidemiology learning software on learning epidemiology courses.   methods : this quasi-experimental study included 101 nursingand midwifery students taki...

A series of four lectures given at the Australian National University in December 2011 for the 2nd Asia-Pacific Summer School in Mathematical Physics/22nd Canberra International Physics Summer School. 1 Outline of the Lectures The goal of these lectures is to impart some of the ideas of the gauge/gravity duality and to help facilitate reading the fundmental papers [1, 2, 3]. The rough outline o...

The most direct way to probe the strength of an electric field, is to measure the force that exerts to a charged particle. For a time varying field, charge placement within an interval substantially shorter than the characteristic period of variation of the field is essential for sampling its temporal evolution. Employing such a scheme to track the field variation of light waves that changes it...

Asynchronous online discussions (AODs) are often used to promote critical thinking in online courses; however, recent research suggests that levels of critical thinking in discussions remain low. Furthermore, there is a lack of consensus in the literature about the definition of critical thinking and many of the existing studies focus on one specific cognitive construct. Therefore, it is unknow...

in the name of allah, the compassionate, the merciful   my esteemed friends and colleagues from thousands of years ago, with the increase in the number of immigrants for finding new lands and then for trading, learning other languages became inevitable. from second half of the twentieth century, the ever increasing need for getting into communication with others, development in technological gr...

Background: the inappropriate use of handouts and notes is a common academic problem among students. Students' notes are too brief and incomplete in compare with references; hence they may not cover the required content for the courses. The aim of this paper is to analyze students' attitude toward reading handouts and notes instead of references. Methods: In this analytical and descriptive stud...