Local leaf infections by a necrogenic pathogen can lead to systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in untreated leaves. We reasoned that, whatever the nature of the long-distance signal, if it is transported in the phloem, the pattern of SAR induced within the plant by treatment of a single leaf should match the pattern of translocation out of that leaf. The source-sink relationships (orthostichies)...

conclusions all the staphylococcus aureus strains and enterococcus faecium strains were sensitive to members of the oxazolidinone class of linezolid drug. development of multi drug resistance by gram positive bacteria constitutes a very serious challenge for medical practice. despite these rising rates, it is impossible to distinguish where they have originated from and special attention has th...

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are characterized by their narrow-spectrum, non-thermal photon emission, greater longevity, and energy-saving characteristics, which are better than traditional light sources. LEDs thus hold the potential to revolutionize horticulture lighting technology for crop production, protection, and preservation. Exposure to different LED wavelengths can induce the synthesis...

Nonpathogenic rhizobacteria can induce a systemic resistance in plants that is phenotypically similar to pathogen-induced systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Rhizobacteria-mediated induced systemic resistance (ISR) has been demonstrated against fungi, bacteria, and viruses in Arabidopsis, bean, carnation, cucumber, radish, tobacco, and tomato under conditions in which the inducing bacteria and ...

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a plant immune response induced after a local infection by necrotizing pathogens. The Arabidopsis NPR1 gene is a positive regulator of SAR, essential for transducing the SAR signal salicylic acid (SA). Mutations in the NPR1 gene abolish the SA-induced expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes and resistance to pathogens. To identify additional regulator...

DIR1, a putative LTP2 protein from Arabidopsis thaliana implicated in systemic acquired resistance in planta, has been crystallized in space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) with one molecule per asymmetric unit. The crystals diffract to a resolution of 1.6 angstroms.

To identify plant defense responses that limit pathogen attack, Arabidopsis eds mutants that exhibit enhanced disease susceptibility to the virulent bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv maculicola ES4326 were previously identified. In this study, we show that each of four eds mutants (eds5-1, eds6-1, eds7-1, and eds9-1) has a distinguishable phenotype with respect to the degree of suscept...

Root colonization of Arabidopsis thaliana by the nonpathogenic, rhizosphere-colonizing, biocontrol bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS417r has been shown to elicit induced systemic resistance (ISR) against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst). The ISR response differs from the pathogen-inducible systemic acquired resistance (SAR) response in that ISR is independent of salicylic acid and not ...

Plants can develop an enhanced defensive capacity in response to infection by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). This 'mycorrhiza-induced resistance' (MIR) provides systemic protection against a wide range of attackers and shares characteristics with systemic acquired resistance (SAR) after pathogen infection and induced systemic resistance (ISR) following root colonisation by non-pathogenic r...