Population growth and industrialization have caused serious environmental pollution. Environmental pollution has become global issues beyond a region or a country, and is the introduction of contaminants, which are synthetic chemicals, pesticides, and heavy metals etc, into environmental system. Biopersistent organic chemicals of them particularly cause instability, disorder, harm or discomfort...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the balloon occlusive diameter (BOD) of non-circular defects in the transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect (ASD). SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 67 patients who had undergone transcatheter closure of an ASD were reviewed retrospectively. A non-circular defect was defined as the ratio of the short diameter to the long d...

OBJECTIVE Iran as a developing country is in the transition phase, which might have a big impact on the Burden of Disease and Injury (BOD). This study aims to estimate Burden of Disease and Injury (BOD) in Iran up to 2025 due to four broad cause groups using Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY). METHODS The impacts of demographic and epidemiological changes on BOD (DemBOD and EpiBOD) were ass...

This work studied the combination of a chemical coagulation/flocculation step with an aerobic biological process, using feed-batch operation, to treat real paint manufacturing wastewater (PMW). The results indicate that the combination of coagulation flocculation and biological process is an efficient alternative in the treatment of PMW. For initials COD of 18590 mg/L, BOD of 1492 mg/L and colo...

As a real or virtual enterprise develops or makes use of more and more software application systems to manage all kinds of resources to conduct its business, the integration of these heterogeneous systems is becoming increasingly important. In a general integration scenario, application systems communicate with one another by sending data in certain data formats such as BODs (Business Object Do...

Constructed wetlands are gaining increased attention for treatment of nonpoint sources of water pollution. Although constructed wetlands have been utilized for wastewater treatment in warm climates, their performance in cold climates has been questioned. A surface-flow wetland, designed to treat 2.65 m super(3) d super(-1) of milkhouse wastewater, was constructed on the University of Connecticu...

Burden of disease (BoD) studies aim to identify the public health impact of different health problems and risk factors. To assess BoD, detailed knowledge is needed on epidemiology, disability and mortality in the population under study. This is particularly challenging for foodborne disease, because of the multitude of causative agents and their health effects. The purpose of this study is to s...

This paper deals with end-to-end resource management in geostationary (GEO) satellite networks. Bandwidth on Demand (BoD) is central to end-to-end resource management in these systems. In this paper, using simulation analysis, we study the impact of BoD reservation parameters on the Quality of Service (QoS) received by the connections, the resource utilization, and the Grade of Service (GoS) of...

The aim of this research was to study the suitability of a manometric respirometric test (OECD 301F) for the determination of biological oxygen demand (BOD) in domestic wastewater. This was done by comparing four different BOD tests (a manometric respirometric test, oxygen sensor determination, iodometric titration, and UV absorption measurement) and by evaluating the BOD(7) value after a short...

BACKGROUND The EVIDENCE (EVidence of Interferon Dose-response: European North American Comparative Efficacy) study was an international, randomized, open-label, assessor-blinded, parallel-group study assessing the efficacy and tolerability of interferon (IFN) beta-1a, 44 mcg subcutaneously (sc) three times weekly (tiw), and IFN beta-1a, 30 mcg intramuscularly (im) once weekly (qw), in patients ...