Intravenous belimumab is approved for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus; subcutaneous self-administration would enable greater patient access. This study assessed relative bioavailability, tolerability, and safety of 1 subcutaneous dose of self-administered belimumab by healthy subjects using a single-use autoinjector or prefilled syringe. Subjects (randomized 1:1:1:1) self-administ...

A randomized, single-centre, cross-over study was designed to compare the bioavailability of two pharmaceutical formulations of recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone (recFSH; Puregon(R)): (i) a dissolved cake injected by a normal syringe; and (ii) a ready-for-use solution injected using a device referred to as Puregon(R)Pen. Twenty-two healthy female volunteers underwent one of two adm...

BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a growing problem among people who inject drugs. Strategies to reduce disease transmission (eg, syringe exchange programs) and facilitate HCV screening and linkage are available but are under-utilized in many communities affected by injection drug use. Novel approaches to increasing the use of these strategies are needed. OBJECTIVE The goals of ...

BACKGROUND Of the nearly 100,000 street-based IDUs in Pakistan, 20% have HIV. We investigated the recent rise in HIV prevalence from 12 to 52% among IDUs in Sargodha despite > 70% coverage with syringe exchanges. METHODS We interviewed approximately 150 IDUs and 30 outreach workers in focus group discussions. RESULTS We found six rural and 28 urban injecting locations. Urban locations have ...

AIM To determine whether syringe exchange programs' (SEPs) dispensation policy is associated with syringe coverage among SEP clients. DESIGN Cross-sectional samples of SEPs and their clients. SETTING SEPs in California, USA. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-four SEPs and their injection drug using (IDU) clients (n = 1576). MEASUREMENTS Clients were classified as having adequate syringe coverage if t...

Aim e purpose of this study was to compare surface contamination resulting from standard syringe plungers and cylinders compared to using the EQUASHIELD® Syringe Unit. Method e contamination level of standard syringes was compared to that of EQUASHIELD® Syringe Units, after repeated pharmaceutical manipulations using an antineoplastic (Cyclophosphamide) drug. Results Signi cant levels of up to ...

DESCRIPTION Fluzone, Influenza Virus Vaccine, (Zonal Purified, Subvirion) for intramuscular use, is a sterile suspension prepared from influenza viruses propagated in chicken embryos. The virus-containing fluids are harvested and inactivated with formaldehyde. Influenza virus is concentrated and purified in a linear sucrose density gradient solution using a continuous flow centrifuge. The virus...

background: it is known that dental unit waterline can be a source of infection. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effi cacy of a mouthwash, chlorhexidine, in controlling microbial and fungal contamination of dental unit waterlines. materials and methods: in the present experimental study, the water in high-speed handpieces and air/water syringes of 35 dental units in a dental school wa...