Plasma concentrations of lignocaine and the clearance rates of technetium-99m were compared in 10 healthy volunteers after injection with a gas-powered jet system and a needle and syringe. The dosage was highly accurate with jet injection. Bioavailability was comparable for both methods.

Optimization of geometry and surface modification of microchip input reservoirs were performed to achieve uninterferenced pressure-induced sample injection of multiple samples into microreactors using a single syringe pump. Nine samples of 3.5 microL were pipetted onto input reservoirs and loading of PCR mixture into 260 nL microreactors was achieved followed by successful PCR amplification, co...

AIMS To measure the frequency of syringe borrowing in young Irish injecting drug users (IDUs) and identify associated characteristics. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING Addiction treatment services in Dublin. PARTICIPANTS Treated IDUs (N = 246). MEASUREMENTS Data on drug injecting and syringe borrowing in the previous 6 months. FINDINGS The median age was 22 years and the median ...

BACKGROUND Injection overuse and unsafe injection practices facilitate transmission of bloodborne pathogens such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Anecdotal reports of unsafe and unnecessary therapeutic injections and the high prevalence of HBV (8.0%), HCV (6.5%), and HIV (2.6%) infection in Cambodia have raised concern over injection s...

On-chip continuous-flow polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) generally require peripheral apparatus such as a pump for injecting a sample liquid into the fluidic channel. This makes the overall instrumentation bulky, limiting integration. In this study, we propose a new scheme for injecting a sample employing a hand-held syringe as a portable plastic pump, and apply it to an on-chip continuous-flo...

Aim. To evaluate the pain experience and behavior during dental injection, using the Wand computerized delivery system versus conventional local anesthesia in children and adolescents. Methods. An observational crossover split mouth study was performed on 67 patients (aged 7 to 15 years), requiring local anesthesia for dental treatments in both sides of the dental arch. Patients received both t...

Seamless and minimally invasive three-dimensional interpenetration of electronics within artificial or natural structures could allow for continuous monitoring and manipulation of their properties. Flexible electronics provide a means for conforming electronics to non-planar surfaces, yet targeted delivery of flexible electronics to internal regions remains difficult. Here, we overcome this cha...

BACKGROUND Access to sterile syringes is a proven means of reducing the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), viral hepatitis, and bacterial infections among injection drug users. In many U.S. states and territories, drug paraphernalia and syringe prescription laws are barriers to syringe access for injection drug users (IDUs): pharmacists may be reluctant to sell syringes to susp...