Esterel is a synchronous design language for the specification of reactive systems. There exist two main semantics for Esterel. On the one hand, the logical behavioral semantics provides a simple and compact formalization of the behavior of programs using SOS rules. But it does not ensure deterministic executions for all programs and all inputs. As non-deterministic programs have to be rejected...

Grooming traffic in optical networks can be formulated as partitioning the edges of a graph into subgraphs each having at most a specified number c of edges; a typical objective is to minimize the sum over all subgraphs of the vertices of nonzero degree (the drop cost). In practice, however, one may be constrained so that each vertex has nonzero degree in a limited number of different subgraphs...

This paper describes a Simulated Student architecture designed to detect and avoid three situations that decrease the benefits of learning in collaboration. These are off-topic conversations, students with passive behaviour and problems related to students’ learning. In order to check the efficiency of the model in a real case a Simulated Student, which has the features described in the model, ...

Article history: Received 5 July 2008 Received in revised form 14 January 2009 Accepted 15 January 2009 Available online xxxx Young, unproven firms can signal their worthiness, or potential, through affiliations with various types of prestigious parties. Drawing from signaling theory, we present a formal consideration of the implications of multiple numbers and types of prestigious affiliates f...

abstract   synchronous upper urinary tract tumor and superficial bladder tumor are uncommon. this is a report of a 62- year- old man presented with episode of painless gross hematuria and flank pain. we worked him up and found a left renal mass and bladder lesion. he underwent nephrectomy and tur-bt, and the pathology report of both showed a high grade urothelial transitional cell carcinoma. th...

This article discusses various issues around the Transmission Convergence (TC) sublayer in the physical layer of ATM. A brief introduction is given to the layered approach and functionality of the ATM physical layer. This is followed by an introduction to the two main TC sublayer implementations for ATM at high line rates, namely the SONET or SDH option and the CellBased option. These options a...

We present the Carnegie Mellon University Stat-XFER group submission to the WMT 2010 shared translation task. Updates to our syntax-based SMT system mainly fell in the areas of new feature formulations in the translation model and improved filtering of SCFG rules. Compared to our WMT 2009 submission, we report a gain of 1.73 BLEU by using the new features and decoding environment, and a gain of...

A new method that uses round-trip paths to accurately measure transmission delay for time synchronization is proposed. The performance of the method in Synchronous Digital Hierarchy networks is discussed. The feature of this method is that it sepamtely measures the initial roundtrip path delay and the variations in round-trip path delay. The delay generated in SDH equipment is determined by mea...

This study is on the role of synchronous and asynchronous dispersals in a discrete-time single-species population model with dispersal between two patches, where predispersal dynamics are compensatory or overcompensatory and dispersal is synchronous or asynchronous or mixed synchronous and asynchronous. It is known that single-species dispersal-linked population models behave as singlespecies s...