Early meiotic nodules (also called recombination nodules) are proteinaceous structures about 100 nm in diameter that are associated with forming synaptonemal complexes (SCs) during early prophase I of meiosis. Although their function is unknown, early nodules may be involved in searching for DNA homology before synaptic initiation. Two potential components of early nodules are Rad51 and Dmc1 pr...

Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used to discriminate 62 lily cultivars of 5 hybrid series. Eight ISSR primers generated 104 bands in total, which all showed 100% polymorphism, and an average of 13 bands were amplified by each primer. Two software packages, POPGENE 1.32 and NTSYSpc 2.1, were used to analyze the data matrix. Our results showed that the observed number of alleles ...

The Solomon's lily arum mimics the odours of yeast to attract drosophilid flies as unrewarded pollinators.

This paper describes how SWoRD (scaffolded writing and rewriting in the discipline), a web-based reciprocal peer review system, supports writing practice, particularly for large content courses in which writing is considered critical but not feasibly included. To help students gain content knowledge as well as writing and reviewing skills, SWoRD supports the whole cycle of writing, reviews, bac...

Studies of mate choice evolution tend to focus on how female mating preferences are acquired and how they select for greater elaboration of male traits. By contrast, far less is known about how female preferences might be lost or reversed. In swordtail fish Xiphophorus, female preference for the sword ornament is an ancestral trait. Xiphophorus birchmanni, however, is one species that has secon...

Structure and migration corridors in Paci®c populations of the Sword®sh Xiphius gladius, as inferred through analyses of mitochondrial DNA Abstract The sword®sh Xiphias gladius is a migratory oceanic species distributed in subtropical and temperate waters worldwide. Studies utilizing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have demonstrated genetic subdivision between ocean basins, as well as within the Atla...

Sexual selection via female mate choice can result in the evolution of elaborate male traits that incur substantial costs for males. Despite increased interest in how female mating preferences contribute to the evolution of male traits, few studies have directly quantified the locomotor costs of such traits. A sexually selected trait that could affect movement costs is the sword exhibited by ma...

In this paper, we present SWORD – a SAT like solver that facilitates word level information. The main idea behind SWORD is based on the following observation: Current SAT solvers perform very well on instances with a large number of logic operations. But when more complex functions like arithmetic units are considered, the performance degrades with increasing data-path width. In contrast, pure ...