What are they? Central pattern generators (CPGs) are relatively small, relatively autonomous groups of neurons (neural networks) that produce patterned, rhythmic neural outputs that drive rhythmic behaviours. In addition to generating boring behaviours like walking, CPGs are also responsible for dancing, chewing, swallowing, suckling, copulation and orgasm — all the things that make life worthw...

Cannabinoids have been reported to be involved in affecting various biological functions through binding with cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CB1) and 2 (CB2). The present study was designed to investigate whether swallowing, an essential component of feeding behavior, is modulated after the administration of cannabinoid. The swallowing reflex evoked by the repetitive electrical stimulation of th...

Hyolaryngeal elevation is essential for airway protection during swallowing and is mainly a reflexive response to oropharyngeal sensory stimulation. Targeted intramuscular electrical stimulation can elevate the resting larynx and, if applied during swallowing, may improve airway protection in dysphagic patients with inadequate hyolaryngeal motion. To be beneficial, patients must synchronize fun...

BACKGROUND Dysphagia is a major complication in hemispheric as well as brainstem stroke patients causing aspiration pneumonia and increased mortality. Little is known about the recovery from dysphagia after stroke. The aim of the present study was to determine the different patterns of cortical swallowing processing in patients with hemispheric and brainstem stroke with and without dysphagia in...

Swallowing and swallowing disorders have garnered continuing interest over the past several decades. Electroencephalography (EEG) is an inexpensive and non-invasive procedure with very high temporal resolution which enables analysis of short and fast swallowing events, as well as an analysis of the organizational and behavioral aspects of cortical motor preparation, swallowing execution and swa...

A methodology of studying of ingestive behavior by non-invasive monitoring of swallowing (deglutition) and chewing (mastication) has been developed. The target application for the developed methodology is to study the behavioral patterns of food consumption and producing volumetric and weight estimates of energy intake. Monitoring is non-invasive based on detecting swallowing by a sound sensor ...

Specific areas of cortical activity during solid bolus swallowing in humans are unknown. We tested the hypothesis that cortical representations of swallowing in humans may vary by bolus type. Twenty-one normal subjects swallowed three kinds of food: agar (solid), a capsule and water. We followed the same countdown method for identification of the cortical representations during swallowing perfo...

OBJECTIVE To determine if pattern recognition techniques applied to high-resolution manometry (HRM) spatiotemporal plots of the pharyngeal swallow can identify features of disordered swallowing reported on the Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile (MBSImP). STUDY DESIGN Case series evaluating new method of data analysis. SETTING University hospital. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Simultaneous ...

42 Mammalian swallowing involves the coordinated and sequential activity of 43 many oropharyngeal muscles. Using synchronous electromyography and 44 videofluorography, we recorded the pattern of EMG activity for 12 muscles during 45 swallowing in neurologically intact suckling pigs. We tested the hypothesis that 46 this EMG pattern corresponded to the established pattern of activity for the 47 ...