Axonal transport of synaptic vesicles (SVs) is a KIF1A/UNC-104 mediated process critical for synapse development and maintenance yet little is known of how SV transport is regulated. Using C. elegans as an in vivo model, we identified SAM-4 as a novel conserved vesicular component regulating SV transport. Processivity, but not velocity, of SV transport was reduced in sam-4 mutants. sam-4 displa...

Synaptic vesicles (SVs) are key structures for synaptic transmission in neurons. Numerous membrane-associated proteins are sorted from the Golgi complex to the axon and the presynaptic terminal. Protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions are involved with SV targeting in neurons. Interestingly, many SV proteins have lipid binding capability, primarily with either cholesterol or phosphoinosi...

Shell vial (SV) cultures for herpes simplex virus using primary rabbit kidney cells stained at 8 h after inoculation were compared with 20-h SV cultures as well as conventional tissue culture. Of the 326 clinical specimens examined, conventional culture detected 67, and of these, 61 (91%) and 42 (63%) were detected by 20-h SV cultures and 8-h SV cultures, respectively.

BACKGROUND Echocardiography combining Doppler and two-dimensional data is recommended for quantitative assessments of valvular regurgitation. We applied a new method to calculate the mitral annulus (MA) area in combination with multiple sample sites. Individuals without regurgitation in whom the valvular and left ventricular stroke volumes (SV) should be identical were investigated in order to ...

The present study examined the influence of dexamethasone (DEX) treatment on preadipocyte recruitment and expression of CCAAT/enhancing binding protein-alpha (C/EBPalpha) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) proteins in stromal-vascular (SV) cell cultures derived from neonatal subcutaneous adipose tissue and semitendinosus muscles. One adipose tissue SV cell culture ...

The overriding goal of software visualization (SV) technology is to be effective—that is, to provide functionality that people actually want to use (usefulness), and to provide non-problematic access to that functionality (usability). Nonetheless, the eight extant taxonomies of SV focus almost exclusively on technology expressiveness: the kinds of visualizations that can be produced with a syst...

Sound vibration (SV) is considered to be a mechanical stimulus which gives rise to various physiological and molecular changes in plants. Previously, we identified 17 SV-regulated genes (SRGs) which were up-regulated by SV treatments in Arabidopsis. Here, we analyzed the expression pattern of similar genes after an exposure of 500 Hertz at 80 decibels, for various time periods. Simultaneously, ...

Recycling synaptic vesicles (SVs) transit through early endosomal sorting stations, which raises a fundamental question: are SVs sorted toward endolysosomal pathways? Here, we used snapin mutants as tools to assess how endolysosomal sorting and trafficking impact presynaptic activity in wild-type and snapin(-/-) neurons. Snapin acts as a dynein adaptor that mediates the retrograde transport of ...

This realistic yet fantastical image of the new Boeing 767jet airliner was produced by Digital Effects, Inc., as part of a computer graphics animated television commercial for All Nippon Airways in Japan. Animator Alan Green obtained the CAD/CAM database for the 707, which, incidentally, is the first commercial airliner designed entirely on a computer, and entered the database into Digital's IB...