This article illustrates how the relationship between political geography and the electoral bias of a districting plan, as measured by the efficiency gap, can be analyzed in a statistically rigorous manner using computer simulations of the legislative redistricting process. By generating a large number of different districting plans designed to optimize on traditional redistricting criteria, th...

Software design evaluation plays an important role in software development process, to generate software product with high levels of productivity and efficiency. To achieve high level of qualitative software product, implementation of pattern can create a domain specific framework to provide consistency throughout a software solution. This paper proposed an evaluation pattern called Criteria Ba...

— We develop a conceptual framework elucidating the main determinants of the impact of Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) and Payments for Environmental Services (PES) programs. Using a simple multi-agent model and evaluations of existing programs, we show that (1) the share of the population who would meet the program’s conditions in the absence of payments is a powerful predictor of program effi...

Currently, the feasibility to replace standard efficiency electric motors with higher ones is assessed considerations differing from real operating conditions in industry. This study compares of replacing 26 (IE1) high-efficiency (IE2 and IE3) a sugar plant, based on three different energy scenarios considering incremental costs or depreciated motors. Energy scenario 1 consider that operate for...