A biosensor that relies on the adsorption immobilization of the 18-mer single-stranded nucleic acid related to dengue virus gene 1 on activated pencil graphite was developed. Hybridization between the probe and its complementary oligonucleotides (the target) was investigated by monitoring guanine oxidation by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The pencil graphite electrode was made of ordina...

The present paper is devoted to the classification of irregular surfaces of general type with pg = q = 2 and non birational bicanonical map. The main result is that, if S is such a surface and if S is minimal with no pencil of curves of genus 2, then S is a double cover of a principally polarized abelian surface (A,Θ), with Θ irreducible. The double cover S → A is branched along a divisor B ∈ |...

Cognitive tasks of any complexity are accomplished with the aid of resources outside the head. This is evident for a task as simple as arithmetic, which is quicker and more accurately done with paper and pencil than mentally for most people (unless special methods are learned). Modern windows-based humancomputer interfaces are based on the use of a computer-controlled display surface to effecti...

The present paper is devoted to the classification of irregular surfaces of general type with pg 1⁄4 q 1⁄4 2 and non-birational bicanonical map. The main result is that, if S is such a surface and if S is minimal with no pencil of curves of genus 2, then S is a double cover of a principally polarized abelian surface ðA;YÞ, with Y irreducible. The double cover S ! A is branched along a divisor B...

Background: Dose calculation algorithms play a very important role in predicting the explicit dose distribution. We evaluated the percent depth dose (PDD), lateral depth dose profile, and surface dose volume histogram in inhomogeneous media using calculation algorithms and inhomogeneity correction methods. Materials and Methods: The homogeneous and inhomogeneous virtual slab phantoms used in th...

A pencil core with an intact pencil tip was excised from the thigh of a 60-year-old male 53 years after a puncture wound. Histologic examination of the excised pencil core and the surrounding tissue revealed a foreign body reaction with abundant entrapped dark black pigment and chronic reparative changes, including dense sclerosis and focal granulation tissue formation.

Bevelled spinal needles sizes 22 and 25 gauge were passed through tough meat to assess the influence of bevel orientation on the path of the needle. The needle bent away from the bevel surface by about 1 mm for each centimetre of needle travel through the tissue. With an introducer, the deviation was reduced by a reduction of the distance of unsupported travel. Pencil-point needles were less de...

A novel means of combining thin-layer chromatography (TLC) with laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry using a liquid matrix is proposed. Surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization (SALDI) mass spectrometry, which uses a mixture of a micrometer-sized carbon powder (graphite or activated carbon, the SALDI solid) and 15% sucrose/glycerol, dissolved in an equal volume of methanol (SALDI l...

Let C be an algebraic curve defined by a sufficiently generic bivariate Laurent polynomial with given Newton polygon ∆. It is classical that the geometric genus of C equals the number of lattice points in the interior of ∆. In this paper we give similar combinatorial interpretations for the gonality, the Clifford index and the Clifford dimension, by removing a technical assumption from a recent...