The Kikuchi pattern gives a lot of information about diffracted waves under different incident conditions, because the forms by inelastic scattered electrons having various directions. By analyzing intensity pattern, equivalent to results measured many conditions can be obtained. To analyze it is necessary know scattering cross-section. As first step, we estimated “apparent” cross-section in co...

In this work we investigate how a pattern imposed in a copolymer film at a certain distance from the surface propagates through the film onto an adsorbing heterogeneous surface. We bias the copolymer film to adopt a specified target pattern and then use simulation to design a surface pattern that helps the adsorbed film to maintain that target pattern. We examine the effect of varying the copol...

BACKGROUND The ability to reliably recognize and classify a range of skin signs and symptoms remains a necessary skill across most clinical disciplines but one that is traditionally mastered via nonsystematic experience over long periods. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether online Perceptual and Adaptive Learning Modules (PALMs) could efficiently train preclerkship medical students to identify ...