Heat capacity and magnetization measurements strongly suggest that the onset of the stripe phase in La0.50Ca0.50MnO3, La0.48Ca0.52MnO3 and Pr0.48Ca0.52MnO3 is due to the formation of a charge density wave. The transition associated with the onset of the stripe phase is second order, and it can be well modelled as a Peierls transition (typically associated with chargedensity-wave formation) in a...

We report the synthesis of a series of homologous oligoviologens in which different numbers of 4,4'-bipyridinium (BIPY(2+)) subunits are linked by p-xylylene bridges, as a prelude to investigating how their radical cationic forms self-assemble both in solution and in the solid state. The strong radical-radical interactions between the radical cationic forms of the BIPY(2+) units-namely, BIPY(•+...

Since 1969, the superstructure has been the usual approach to nonstandard analysis. The method used to measure the strength of a GDmodel Divine attribute, which is comparable to a human attribute, is, at least, partially expressible in terms of cardinality. In this paper, it is shown that for the non-atomic approach to superstructure construction such a cardinality does not have a set-theologic...

semi-active base isolation system has been proposed mainly to mitigate the base drift of isolated structures while in most cases, its application causes the maximum acceleration of superstructure to be increased. in this paper, designing optimal semi-active base isolation system composed of linear base isolation system with low damping and magneto-rheological (mr) damper has been studied for co...

Most of the existing simultaneous approaches for heat exchanger network synthesis assume that only one type of hot/cold utility is available to adjust the final temperatures. In this work, we propose a simultaneous mixed-integer nonlinear programming formulation based on a more generalized stagewise superstructure. We allow utilities to adjust the temperature of process streams in each stage. W...

The aim of this article is to explain the use of a computer-aided three-dimensional planning protocol in combination with previously placed mini-implants and computer-aided design/computer-assisted manufacture (CAD/CAM) technology to restore a completely edentulous patient. Mini-implants were used to establish a setup for computerized tomographic imaging and a surgical template. The software an...