We tested the hypothesis that endometriosis can be induced in baboons more successfully by intra-pelvic injection of the pellet of menstrual endometrium when compared to its supernatant. Menstrual endometrium, separated into pellet (n = 5) and supernatant fractions ( n = 8), or phosphate buffered saline (1 ml, n = 7, controls) was injected laparoscopically into the pelvis. During laparoscopy 25...

Antisera produced against envelope fractions of tetracycline-resistant Escherichia coli and supernatant fluid of disrupted cells of tetracycline-resistant Salmonella typhi were adsorbed with the corresponding fractions of susceptible cultures. With these sera, cross-reacting antigens were demonstrated in the following fractions obtained from tetracycline-resistant strains: envelopes of E. coli,...

To characterize the response of respiratory epithelium to infection by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), human airway cells were incubated for 1 to 24 h with a supernatant of a S. aureus culture (bacterial supernatant), then profiled with a pangenomic DNA microarray. Because an upregulation of many genes was noticed around 3 h, three independent approaches were then used to characterize the ho...

BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells with immunomodulatory effect on immune cells including dendritic cells (DCs). DCs are the most potent antigen-presenting cells (APC). MSCs have been found to modulate both differentiation and function of DCs. DCs express a broad range of Toll-like receptors (TLR), which play a critical role in DCs maturation and function. OBJECTIV...

The accumulation of genetic alterations plays a role in the evolution of bladder cancer. These changes can be detected in the urine by DNA analysis of the cells exfoliated from the bladder wall enabling us to detect bladder cancer. The urine supernatant, besides the urine sediment, contains DNA, however in a much smaller amount. The origin of DNA in these two fractions is probably different. Ou...

Silver nanoparticles have attracted high attention worldwide for their various applications. The physiochemical parameters such as temperature, media, mixing ratio affect the rate of synthesis silver and yield. Thus, optimization these is needed to enhance production nanoparticles. In this study, were synthesized using Aspergillus niger culture supernatant. produced characterized UV-visible Spe...

We hypothesized that 20S proteasome is present and functional in the extracellular alveolar space in humans. Proteasomal activity was measured in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) supernatant from eight humans using specific proteasomal fluorogenic substrates and I(125)-albumin with and without specific proteasome inhibitors. Furthermore, gelfiltration, Western blot technique, and mass spectrometry ...

Peptide bond formation from aminoacyl transfer RNA and ammonium chloride-washed ribosomes can occur extensively in the absence of supernatant enzymes. More than 50% of the W-phenylalanine-tRNA can be converted into oligophenylalaninetRNA. Although diphenylalanine is the major product, the oligophenylalanine formed consisted of 73, 16, and 9.7% of di-, tri-, and tetraphenylalanine, respectively....

N-dodecanoyl homoserine lactone (C12-HSL) was detected in the supernatant of an anammox granular sludge reactor (AGSR). C12-HSL could enhance the specific anammox activity of anammox biomass. Adding C12-HSL-containing AGSR supernatant into the continuously stirred tank reactors reduced the start-up time of the anammox process from 80 to 66days. Moreover, the nitrogen loading rate was also enhan...