Sun-exposure is one of the risk factors associated with the development of a cutaneous neoplasm. In melanoma, the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK (MAPK) signaling pathway is constitutively activated through multiple mechanisms, including B-Raf mutation. It has been hypothesized that B-Raf mutations in melanocytic lesions arise from DNA damage induced by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. However, it is still discusse...

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease involving about 2–3% of the Norwegian population. Sun exposure has a positive effect on most psoriasis lesions, but ultraviolet (UV) radiation also causes a direct DNA damage in the skin cells and comprises a carcinogenic potential. UV exposure on the skin causes a local as well as a systemic 5 immune suppressive effect, but the relation between sun e...

This paper presents a multiwavelength study of the M8.0 flare and its associated fast halo CME that originated from a bipolar active region NOAA 10759 on 2005 May 13. The source active region has a conspicuous sigmoid structure at TRACE 171 Å channel as well as in the SXI soft X-ray images, and we mainly concern ourselves with the detailed process of the sigmoid eruption as evidenced by the mul...

Although exposure to the sun is recognized as the principal factor in the genesis of melanoma, this tumor also arises in areas of the skin not generally exposed to the sun, as is the case in acral lentiginous melanoma of the sole, in which the role of UV radiation would appear insignificant. Acral melanomas account for 2% of all melanomas (1.5% for plantar acral melanoma), with an incidence of ...

This paper describes the protective action of stratospheric ozone together with different mechanisms causing ozone depletion. Ozone absorbs UV radiation coming from the Sun. Increased UV radiation due to ozone depletion affects people, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, materials as well as air quality. Chlorofluorocarbons, halons and methyl bromide are all significant ozone depleting substanc...

Long exposure of UV radiation increases risk of skin diseases such as cancer and photoallergic reactions. UV-B (280-320 nm) radiation is mainly responsible for inducing skin problems. Skin protection is a suitable method in the fight against ultraviolet radiation induced damage. Various synthetic agents have been used as photo protective but because of their potential toxicity in humans, they h...

The ozone layer in the stratosphere absorbs a large part of the harmful UV-radiation coming from the sun. In the natural situation ozone is continuously being formed and destroyed. However, a number of man-made chemicals that contain fluorine, bromine and chlorine groups, called Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS), can greatly increase the rate of destruction, leading to a reduction in the thickne...

A substantial loss in the stratospheric ozone layer due to anthropogenically released chemicals has aroused concern about the effects of increased solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR), particularly UV-B (280-315 nm), on the Earth’s surface. Solar UV-B radiation is detrimental for most sun-exposed organisms, including humans. They can penetrate deep into biologically significant depths in lakes, po...

UV-B radiation is an important part of the electromagnetic spectrum emitted by the sun. For much of the period of biological evolution organisms have been exposed to UV radiation, and have developed diverse mechanisms to cope with this potential stress factor. Roots are usually shielded from exposure to UV by the surrounding soil, but may nevertheless be exposed to high energy radiation on the ...