north darfur state has been affected by conflict since 2003 and the government has not been able to provide adequate curative health services to the people. the government has come to rely on non-governmental organizations (ngos) to provide curative health services. this study was conducted to examine the existing collaboration between government and ngos in curative health service delivery in ...

background the hepatitis delta virus (hdv) was first discovered by rizzetto in 1977 in a patient with chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection. in 1980, it was shown that hdv was an infectious agent responsible for exacerbation of liver disease in patients with hepatitis. objectives the aim of this study was to determine the seroreactivity of, and to molecularly detect, hdv among hemodialysis ...

We obtain the following new coloring results: A 3-colorable graph on n vertices with maximum degree can be colored, in polynomial time, using O(( log ) 1=3 logn) colors. This slightly improves an O(( 1=3 log ) logn) bound given by Karger, Motwani and Sudan. More generally, k-colorable graphs with maximum degree can be colored, in polynomial time, using O(( 1 2=k log ) logn) colors. A 4-colorabl...

n Proof Assume that m > 2n. We define vectors c̃1, . . . , c̃m ≈ R, such that for each i, with � {−1, 1} ci, and for each i, with 1 � j � n, the jth coordinate of ̃ 1 � i � n, ̃ ci is −1, iff the jth bit of ci is 1. Note that if �(ci, cj ) � n/2, then this implies →c̃i, c̃j � 0. Intuitively, this means that if two codewords ⊂ ci, and cj have large Hamming distance, then the angle between the correspo...

Background It has been 20 years since the introduction of health insurance in Sudan. This study was the first one that explored health insurance services in Sudan from the perspectives of the insurers. Methods This was a qualitative, exploratory, interview study. The sampling frame was the list of Social Health Insurance and Private Health Insurance institutions in Sudan. Participants were se...

What can be done to resolve the seemingly endless conflict in Sudan ? A nation of 36 million people, wracked by conflict for 34 of the last 45 years, it has generated some 4 million displaced people during the course of its war. It is estimated that over two million Sudanese people have died as a result of fighting and related starvation and disease. According to the International Crisis Group,...

Background Under-five children born in a fragile and war-affected setting of South Sudan are faced with a high risk of death as reflecting in high under-five mortality. In South Sudan health inequities and inequitable condition of daily living play a significant role in childhood mortality. This study examines factors associated with under-five mortality in South Sudan. Methods The study popu...

Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) has been a major public health problem in South Sudan for the last century. Recurrent outbreaks with a repetitive pattern of responding-scaling down activities have been observed. Control measures for outbreak response were reduced when the prevalence decreased and/or socio-political crisis erupted, leading to a new increase in the number of cases. This paper...

M.K.M. ALI , K. IBRAHIM , OSAMA S HAMAD , M.H. EISA , M.G. FARAJ , and F. AZHARI 1 School of Physics, University Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia Department of Physics, College of Science, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum 11113, Sudan School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia E-mail: [email protected], kamarul@...