To evaluate the enteropathogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila and Plesiomonas shigelloides, the rate of isolation of these organisms was compared among individuals with and without diarrhea in Thailand. In two groups of American travelers, A. hydrophila, but not P. shigelloides, was associated with episodes of travelers diarrhea more often than when individuals did not have diarrhea (P less than ...

A toxin which causes rapid fluid accumulation in a suckling mouse assay and which was produced by Vibrio cholerae non-O1 was investigated. The toxin was purified from the culture supernatant of V. cholerae non-O1 (strain A-5) by ammonium sulfate fractionation, hydroxyapatite treatment, ethanol extraction, column chromatographies on SP-Sephadex C-50 and DEAE-Sephadex A-25, and high-pressure liqu...

Lycopene, a carotenoid produced by some commonly consumed plants such as tomatoes, is not synthesized by animals. Thus, the levels of lycopene found in the breast milk of lactating females reflect the dietary lycopene supply. Lycopene has potent antioxidant activity but has also been implicated in modulating immune function. Therefore, lycopene in breast milk has the potential to affect the dev...

Whether lactation is a total response to suckling or whether an individual mammary gland must be suckled and drained for full secretory activity to be induced and maintained in it constitutes a controversial question. In guinea-pigs and rabbits, cessation of lactation and parenchymal involution occur in non-suckled glands as well as in glands which are being suckled but from which the removal o...

An LT-B-ST (LT-B/ST) fusion peptide was constructed by genetically joining the 5' terminus of a synthetic gene coding for the heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) of Escherichia coli to the 3' terminus of the gene coding for the binding subunit of the heat-labile enterotoxin (LT-B) of E. coli. An eight-amino-acid, proline-containing linker was included between the LT-B and ST moieties. An aroA mutant o...

The reproductive performance of postpartum cows is affected by factors such as suckling and nutrition. We investigated the effect of a restricted suckling period on the superovulatory response and the fertility after flushing in postpartum Japanese Black cows. Forty-seven postpartum cows were used in this study. At 7 days postpartum, the cows were divided into 2 groups: (1) continuous access to...

BACKGROUND & AIMS Previous studies have suggested that iron absorption in suckling mammals is refractory to stimuli that normally would decrease absorption in adults. To better understand the regulation of iron absorption during suckling, we have characterized the relationship between hepcidin, ferroportin, and iron absorption at this crucial stage of life. METHODS To determine whether ferrop...

Human, rat, and mouse placentas and rat and mouse intestines were homogenized in buffered saline, and fraction consisting primarily of cell membranes was separated from each of the homogenates by differential centrifugation. Human, bovine, and guinea pig IgG, and human IgE, Bence-Jones protein, serum albumin, insulin, and growth hormone were labeled with (131)I or (125)I, and the binding of the...

Objective(s): The effect of litter size and suckling intensity on the expression of KiSS-1 mRNA in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of rats were evaluated. Materials and Methods: Thirty two pregnant and four non-lactating ovariectomized (as control group) rats were used in this experiment. Lactating rats were allotted to eight equal groups. In three groups, litter size was adjusted to 5, 10, or 15 pup...

Twenty-eight United States adult travelers to developing countries participated in a prospective study designed to determine whether there was an association between diarrheal illness and, the acquisition of strains of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Stool specimens were collected and stored in transport media before, during, and after travel and at the onset of any diarrheal illness. From e...