The paper reviews thoroughly a variety of issues related to mode estimation. The potential of self-organizing maps as an approach to mode detection is inquired here. The batch version of the standard SOM and a convex adjustment of it are compared with two kernel-based learning rules, namely, the generative topographic mapping and the kernelbased maximum entropy learning rule. A strategy for mod...

Scree patterns are an important element of mountain maps in Swiss style. The size and density of scree dots vary with the exposition towards a source of illumination, which makes the dots extremely labour intensive to map without specialized algorithms. This paper identifies design principles for the symbolisation of scree fields on mountain slopes and presents a digital method for the quick pl...

We address the problem of extending topographic maps to color images. A topographic map gives a morphological and a geometrical representation of the information contained in natural images. Two approaches are presented and discussed. The first one is new and consists in defining a total order in IR3 in accordance with the human visual perception of shapes. This allows to define color topograph...

The lacking of 1:50000 topographic maps in western China is inconvenient to the national economic development. The rapid development of space technology, computer technology and information technology provides technological support for the remote sensing application. In addition, the enhancement of ability of obtaining hyper-resolution data provides data for feature extraction of ground objects...

Research in map generalization starts to focus on other types of maps than on topographic maps only. Therefore, new generalization concepts have to be developed, extending on the experiences and research efforts originally made in topographic generalization. This paper presents a new conceptual framework of map generalization with respect to thematic mapping based on an analysis of the literatu...

This paper explores the laws and other legal acts related to the Croatian 3D cadastre with an emphasis on those which relate to interests in strata, spatial planning, and other regulations that are valid or were valid on Croatian territory. The effects of the application of these regulations on the present situation of registration in cadastre and land register were considered. This paper also ...

We present maps of the topographic roughness of the northern circumpolar area of 30 Mercury at kilometer scales. The maps are derived from range profiles obtained by the 31 Mercury Laser Altimeter (MLA) instrument onboard the MErcury Surface, Space 32 ENvironment, Geochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) mission. As measures of 33 roughness, we used the interquartile range of profile curvature at ...

This paper presents a new method for robust data hiding in curves and highlights potential applications including digital fingerprinting of map document for trace and track purposes. We parameterize a curve using the B-spline model and add a spread spectrum sequence to the coordinates of the B-spline control points. In order to achieve robust fingerprint detection, we propose an iterative align...