The present model of G protein activation by G protein-coupled receptors exclusively localizes their activation and function to the plasma membrane (PM). Observation of the spatiotemporal response of G protein subunits in a living cell to receptor activation showed that 6 of the 12 members of the G protein gamma subunit family translocate specifically from the PM to endomembranes. The gamma sub...

Ribosome dynamics play an important role in translation. The rotation of the ribosomal subunits relative to one another is essential for tRNA-mRNA translocation. An important unresolved question is whether subunit rotation limits the rate of translocation. Here, we monitor subunit rotation relative to peptide bond formation and translocation using ensemble kinetics and single-molecule FRET. We ...

A key step of translation by the ribosome is translocation, which involves the movement of messenger RNA (mRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA) with respect to the ribosome. This allows a new round of protein chain elongation by placing the next mRNA codon in the A site of the 30S subunit. Translocation proceeds through an intermediate state in which the acceptor ends of the tRNAs have moved with respe...

We investigated serotonin stimulated palmitoylation of G alpha subunits in rat brain cerebrocortical membranes. Serotonin dose dependently stimulated palmitoylation of membrane G alpha proteins. The highest [H] palmitate incorporation observed was by G alpha-q (7-fold), followed by G alpha-o (5fold), G alpha-i (4-fold) and G alpha-s (3-fold) and these increases in palmitoylation were blocked by...

background:the zinc-finger x linked (zfx) gene encodes a transcription factor that acts as a regulator of self-renewal of stem cells. due to the role of zfx in cell growth, understanding zfx protein-protein interactions helps to clarify its proper biological functions in signaling pathways. the aim of this study is to define zfx protein-protein interactions and the role of zfx in cell growth. m...

Defining new genetic markers to understand the population structure and basis of cattle breeds, increase production improve yield quality is great importance in field modern breeding technology. In this study, it was aimed identify molecular marker polymorphisms by using DNA sequence analysis method on Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein, Acıd-Labile Subunit (IGFALS) gene, which affects ...

G dimers containing the 11 or 1 subunits are often less potent and effective in their ability to regulate effectors compared with dimers containing the 2 subunit. To explore the regions of the subunit that affect the activity of the dimer, we constructed eight chimeric subunits from the 1 and 2 subunits. Two chimeras were made in which the N-terminal regions of 1 and 2 were exchanged and two in...

The G protein -dimer is required for receptor interaction and effector regulation. However, previous approaches have not identified the physiologic roles of individual subtypes in these processes. We used a gene knockout approach to demonstrate a unique role for the G protein 7-subunit in mice. Notably, deletion of Gng7 caused behavioral changes that were associated with reductions in the olf-s...

Four stress-sensing kinases phosphorylate the alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) to activate the integrated stress response (ISR). In animals, the ISR is antagonised by selective eIF2α phosphatases comprising a catalytic protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) subunit in complex with a PPP1R15-type regulatory subunit. An unbiased search for additional conserved components o...