Answering a question by Honsell and Plotkin, we show that there are two equations between λ-terms, the so-called subtractive equations, consistent with λ-calculus but not satisfied in any partially ordered model with bottom element. We also relate the subtractive equations to the open problem of the order-incompleteness of λ-calculus. 1998 ACM Subject Classification F.4.1 Lambda calculus and re...

We study closedness properties of internal relations in finitely complete categories, which leads to developing a unified approach to: Mal’tsev categories, in the sense of A.Carboni, J. Lambek and M.C.Pedicchio, that generalize Mal’tsev varieties of universal algebras; unital categories, in the sense of D.Bourn, that generalize pointed Jónsson-Tarski varieties; and subtractive categories, intro...

Shunting inhibition, a conductance increase with a reversal potential close to the resting potential of the cell, has been shown to have a divisive effect on subthreshold excitatory postsynaptic potential amplitudes. It has therefore been assumed to have the same divisive effect on firing rates. We show that shunting inhibition actually has a subtractive effect on the firing rate in most circum...

We demonstrate a TE/TM polarization-independent plasmonic subtractive color filtering scheme employing ultrathin two-dimensional Ag nanodisks. These TE/TM polarization-independent subtractive color filters exhibit small feature sizes (below 200 nm) and high transmission up to 70% in the visible spectral region, superior to previously reported plasmonic color filters. Simulated optical transmiss...

The late detection of the kick (the entrance of underground fluids into oil wells) leads to oil well blowouts. It causes human life loss and imposes a great deal of expenses on the petroleum industry. This paper presents the application of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system designed for an earlier kick detection using measurable drilling parameters. In order to generate the initial fuzzy inf...

rainfall-runoff is one of complex hydrological processes that is affected by a variety of physical and hydrological factors. in this study statistical method armax model, neural network, neuro-fuzzy (anfis subtractive clustering and grid partition) and two hybrid models of this methods were used to simulate rainfall-runoff and prediction of streamflow. in each method optimum structure was deter...

Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-select subtractive cDNA hybridization technique, 18 different genes were isolated from a permethrin-treated versus acetone-treated Aedes aegypti subtractive library. Quantitative PCR (QPCR) results showed that 8 of the 18 gene's transcriptional levels in permethrin-treated Ae. aegypti were at least two-fold higher (ranging from 2.6 +/- 0.5 to 4.8 +/- 0....

Data mining techniques can be used to discover useful patterns by exploring and analyzing data and it’s feasible to synergistically combine machine learning tools to discover fuzzy classification rules. In this paper, an adaptive neuro fuzzy network with TSK fuzzy type and an improved quantum subtractive clustering has been developed. Quantum clustering (QC) is an intuition from quantum mechani...

Kramers-Krönig (K-K) analysis of harmonic generation optical data is usually greatly limited by the technical inability to measure data over a wide spectral range. Data inversion for real and imaginary part of χ(nω;ω, ..., ω) can be more efficiently performed if the knowledge of one of the two parts of the susceptibility in a finite spectral range is supplemented with a single measurement of th...

We present a method for a large-scale robot collective to autonomously form a wide range of user-specified shapes. In contrast to most existing work, our method uses a subtractive approach rather than an additive one, and is the first such method to be demonstrated on robots that operate in continuous space. An initial dense, stationary configuration of robots distributively forms a coordinate ...