Light-emitting diode (LED) is an electronic device with high heat flux. The simulation and analysis of the heat dissipation play an important role in the improvement of performance and design of LEDmodule. In this paper, a thermal model was developed using ANSYS software to simulate the temperature distribution of LED module. The effect of thermal conductivity of MCPCB (metal-core printed circu...

We report on the first measurement of a temperature dependence of the Casimir-Polder force. This measurement was obtained by positioning a nearly pure 87Rb Bose-Einstein condensate a few microns from a dielectric substrate and exciting its dipole oscillation. Changes in the collective oscillation frequency of the magnetically trapped atoms result from spatial variations in the surface-atom forc...

The substrate heater designed for this investigation is a front side substrate heating system. It consists of 10 conventional tungsten halogen lamps and an aluminum reflector, total input electrical power of 5 kW. The substrate is heated by means of a radiation from conventional tungsten halogen lamps directed to the substrate through a glass window. This design allows easy replacement of the l...

Structural inhomogeneities are observed in RF sputtered C079Cr21 layers, studied for perpendicular magnetic recording. The effective perpendicular anisotropy is strongly affected by the occurrence of inhomogeneities in the growth direction (e.g. an initial layer), which can be diminished by changing the substrate or by using a Ge underlayer. Lateral inhomogeneities (e.g. due to segregation) hav...

Crude wild pear lipoxygenase (LOX) from ripe Kurdistan wild pears was used in this study. Extracted crude LOX was assayed spectrophotometrically for raw, ripe wild pear lipoxygenase and after 7-day storage. The effects of different buffers and pHs, substrate preparations, temperature, inhibitors and metal ions on LOX activity were evaluated at three conditions. The enzyme was most active with H...

Surface temperature is an important parameter in clinical diagnosis, equipment state control, and environmental monitoring fields. The Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) temperature sensor possesses numerous significant advantages over conventional electrical sensors, thus it is an ideal choice to achieve high-accuracy surface temperature measurements. However, the effects of the ambient temperature and...

We investigate hitherto-unexplored flow characteristics inside a sessile droplet evaporating on heated hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces and propose the use of evaporation-induced flow as a means to promote efficient "on-the-spot" mixing in microliter-sized droplets. Evaporative cooling at the droplet interface establishes a temperature gradient that induces buoyancy-driven convection i...

background and objective: lactic acid is widely used in the food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. the major problems associated with lactic acid production are substrate and end-product inhibition, and by-product formation. membrane technology represents one of the most effective processes for lactic acid production. the aim of this work is to increase cell density and lactic acid produ...

Interactions between photosynthetic substrate supply and temperature in determining the rate of three respiration components (leaf, belowground and ecosystem respiration) were investigated within three environmentally controlled, Populus deltoides forest bays at Biosphere 2, Arizona. Over 2 months, the atmospheric CO2 concentration and air temperature were manipulated to test the following hypo...

Nanocrystalline zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films have been prepared on glass substrates at different temperatures through planar RF-magnetron sputtering. Structural properties with respect to substrate temperature have been studied with xray diffraction (XRD) patterns. The stoichiometry in the films is studied with X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). The shifts in the absorption edge of the film...