Particularly in the last years, IS research started to analyze threats due to technology, like the unhealthy misuse of the social network Facebook. This research examines withdrawal symptoms due to cessation and develops a Facebook withdrawal scale (FWS). At first, we identified withdrawal symptoms from substance related and behavioral addictions, which have been tested by scales from medicine ...

The present study explored the effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and its antagonist CGRP8-37 on the latency to hindpaw withdrawal responses induced by both thermal and mechanical stimulation in rats. (1) Intrathecal injection of 10 nmol of CGRP had no effects on the latency to hindpaw withdrawal; intrathecal injection of 5 nmol of substance P (SP) decreased the latency to both w...

The authors tested the decreased reward function hypothesis of nicotine withdrawal using a novel-object place conditioning task. A conditioned place preference was evident in controls and in rats that had experienced 4 nicotine withdrawal days, but not in rats that had experienced 1-3 withdrawal days. This implies that the rewarding properties of interacting with novel objects were not readily ...

AIMS Two major nomenclatures, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) and International Classification of Diseases, tenth edition (ICD-10), currently define substance use disorders for broad audiences of users with different training, experience and interests. A comparison of these definitions and their implications for DSM-V and ICD-11 has not been availa...

AIM OF THE STUDY Ibogaine is a naturally occurring psychoactive indole alkaloid that is used to treat substance-related disorders in a global medical subculture, and is of interest as an ethnopharmacological prototype for experimental investigation and possible rational pharmaceutical development. The subculture is also significant for risks due to the lack of clinical and pharmaceutical standa...

BACKGROUND In this Part II psychiatric disorders coexisting with organic diseases are discussed. "Comorbidity phenomenon" defines the not univocal interrelation between medical illnesses and psychiatric disorders, each other negatively influencing morbidity and mortality. Most severe psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression, show increased prevalence of card...

BACKGROUND: Inhalants are among the most common and dangerous forms of substance use, but very little research on inhalant use disorders exist. Unlike other substances, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 4th edition (DSM-IV) indicates that inhalants do not have an associated withdrawal syndrome among persons who meet criteria for inhalant dependence. METHODS: Using data from the National E...

Substance abuse is an important hygienic, psychic and social problem in the world. Gabapentin is a new antiepileptic drug that is used in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Moreover, the effects of gabapentin on increasing the analgesic effect of morphine and its inhibitory effect on dopamine release due to morphine in animal models have been proved. In the present study, the effect of gab...

Substance abuse is an important health, psychological and social problem in the world. Gabapentin is a new antiepileptic drug. It is used in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Moreover the effects of gabapentin on increasing the analgesic effect of morphine and its inhibitory effects on dopamine release due to morphine in animal models have been proved. In the present study, the effect of ...

Substance abuse is an important hygienic, psychic and social problem in the world. Gabapentin is a new antiepileptic drug that is used in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Moreover, the effects of gabapentin on increasing the analgesic effect of morphine and its inhibitory effect on dopamine release due to morphine in animal models have been proved. In the present study, the effect of gab...