In normotensive rats, increased renal pelvic pressure stimulates the release of prostaglandin E and substance P, which in turn leads to an increase in afferent renal nerve activity (ARNA) and a contralateral natriuresis, a contralateral inhibitory renorenal reflex. In spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), increasing renal pelvic pressure failed to increase afferent renal nerve activity. The in...

Substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are colocalized in renal pelvic sensory nerves. Increasing renal pelvic pressure results in an increase in afferent renal nerve activity that is blocked by a substance P receptor antagonist but not by a CGRP receptor antagonist. CGRP potentiates the effects of substance P by preventing the metabolism of substance P. Therefore, we examined w...

Methods We identified 72 girls diagnosed with central precocious puberty, and they were treated with GnRH analogue (GnRHa) to suppress pubertal progression from 1 January 2011 to 31 January 2012. GnRH stimulation tests were done before and 4 weeks after the third dose of the GnRH analogue. Information on clinical manifestations and laboratory data were obtained by reviewing medical records. All...