An individual should be indifferent between a rebate subsidy of rate sr and a matching subsidy of rate sm = sr/(1 sr), and the total amount received by the charity should be the same regardless of subsidy type. Recent laboratory and field experiments contradict these straightforward predictions of standard economic theory: subjects consistently make decisions that result in larger amounts going...

In this paper we estimate the welfare associated with the Medicare HMO program, now known as Medicare+Choice. We find that the Medicare HMO program contributed over $5.8 billion (1998 dollars) to consumer and producer surplus from 1993 to 1998. We estimate that the HMO program generates positive net societal welfare as long as the cost of treating HMO enrollees in the Medicare fee-for-service (...

Often, vaccination programs are carried out based on self-interest rather than being mandatory. Owing to the perceptions about risks associated with vaccines and the ‘herd immunity’ effect, it may provide suboptimal vaccination coverage for the population as a whole. In this case, some subsidy policies may be offered by the government to promote vaccination coverage. But, not all subsidy polici...

The justifications for housing subsidy programs in developing countries often rely upon substantial indirect benefits accruing to program participants (in the form of improved health, earning capacity or employment, or non-m~trket activity). The empirical analysis in this paper suggests that such programs may often be justified solely on the basis of direct impacts. The paper presents a methodo...

Releasing prices and performing cash subsidy payment to all applicants with a different income level create differences in the method of household function and different services of organizations including waste and recycling management organization. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of cash subsidy payment on the quantity of domestic waste in Rasht (Guilan province, Iran)....