conclusions preemptive clonidine has many marvelous advantages over midazolam, including better sedation inside the operating room and then in the post-operative care unit, lower fentanyl doses are required during surgery, more stable heart rate and blood pressure are observed during the procedure, and patients report lower post-operative pain scores. objectives to compare the effect of preempt...

background hip fracture–related pain both before and after surgery is generally reported as severe by most patients. various regional pain control modalities have been described in order to reduce pain in these patients. objectives because of the challenges of lumbar plexus block (lpb) and the fact that the effect of combined femoral nerve block/spinal anesthesia in controlling pain after ortho...

We studied the variations in the ventral rami of 152 brachial plexuses in 77 Korean adults. Brachial plexus were composed mostly of the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth cervical nerves and the first thoracic nerve (77.0%). In 21.7% of the cases examined, the fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth cervical and the first thoracic nerves contributed to the plexus. A plexus composed of the fourth...

The functional role of Langerhans cells (LCs) in ocular surface inflammation and nerve damage in dry eye (DE) disease has yet to be determined. This study was performed to investigate this relationship through both clinical study on DE patients and in vivo mouse models with induced DE disease. In a cross-sectional case-control study (54 eyes of DE patients; 34 eyes of control patients), average...

in upper brachial plexus (c5-c6 or c5-c6-c7 roots) injuries, restoration of elbow flexion is the first aim. several methods have been used to achieve this goal. among these procedures, oberlin’s method (transfer of part of ulnar nerve to the nerve to biceps muscle) is the newest one. from april 2002 to march 2003 we used this method in 9 cases, 8 males and 1 female, of upper brachial plexus inj...

Mahelkova et al. recently published an interesting study evaluating the corneal structures in buphthalmic eyes and healthy eyes in patients with unilateral congenital glaucoma by using confocal microscopy. The authors reported statistically significant increase of the basal epithelial cell density and significant reduction of the endothelial cell density in the buphthalmic eyes, whereas the dif...

N europathy is a frequent complication of diabetes and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, potentially affecting distal sensory, motor, and autonomic nerves. Sequelae of diabetic neuropathy (DN) include foot ulceration, which can lead to the devastating consequence of lower limb amputation. Accurate and timely detection, characterization, and quantification of DN are critical in order ...

Introduction: The present study aims to evaluate the Three-Dimensional Diffusion-Weighted reversed fast imaging with steady state free precession (3D DW-PSIF) sequence with respect to imaging of the peripheral nerves; the tibial, medial, and lateral plantar nerves in the lower extremity, ulnar and median nerve in the upper extremity, sciatic nerve, brachial plexus, and lumbosacral plexus, and a...