In the course of normal development in man, the middle and largest part of the second branchial arch, the keratohyal cartilage, develops into a fibrous cord, the so-called stylohyoid ligament. Ossification takes place solely at its two ends, that is, in the hyoid bone and in the styloid process of the skull. In the present paper the significance for the clinical rheumatologist of some developme...

Infant suckling is a complex behavior that includes cycles of rhythmic sucking as well as intermittent swallows. This behavior has three cycle types: 1) suck cycles, when milk is obtained from the teat and moved posteriorly into the valleculae in the oropharynx; 2) suck-swallow cycles, which include both a rhythmic suck and a pharyngeal swallow, where milk is moved out of the valleculae, past t...

Eagle’s syndrome is the term given to the symptomatic elongation of the styloid process or mineralisation of the stylohyoid or stylomandibular ligament or posterior belly of the digastric muscle. Symptoms of Eagle’s syndrome are pharyngeal pain localised in the tonsillar fossa or hyoid bone, hypersalivation, foreign body sensation, rarely voice change. The pain is triggered by head rotation, li...

Calcified stylohyoid ligament is also called an elongated styloid process and the symptom complex that it produces is called Eagle's syndrome. The symptoms of neck pain, sore throat, foreign body sensation in the throat, dysphagia and otalgia may be confused with other head and neck pain and are often worsened by yawning, opening the mouth wide or turning the head laterally. This is the result ...

Eagle syndrome is a rare condition where elongated temporal styloid processes, or calcified stylohyoid ligaments, are in conflict with the adjacent anatomical structures giving rise to a complex range of symptoms including otalgia, dysphagia, foreign body sensation in throat, pain along carotid artery distribution and others. Commonly, the syndrome is documented to be unilateral. However, bilat...

Eagle syndrome is a rare condition caused by elongation of the styloid process or calcification of the stylohyoid ligament. Patients with Eagle syndrome typically present with dysphagia, dysphonia, cough, voice changes, otalgia, sore throat, facial pain, foreign body sensation, headache, vertigo, and neck pain. Here we report a case in which the patient initially presented with sore throat, lef...

Published case studies involving diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) along with symptomatic ossification of the stylohyoid ligament, or "Eagle syndrome," are rare. In this report, we document a case of bilateral Eagle syndrome and advanced DISH in the cervical spine of an 80-year-old man who presented with severe neck stiffness and intermittent asphyxia. The key imaging and clinical...