This paper discusses balls in partial b-metric spaces and cone metric spaces, respectively. Let (X ,pb) be a partial b-metric space in the sense of Mustafa et al. For the family of all pb-open balls in (X ,pb), this paper proves that there are x, y ∈ B ∈ such that B′ B for all B′ ∈ , where B and B′ are with centers x and y, respectively. This result shows that is not a base of any topology on X...

The notion of a probabilistic metric  space  corresponds to thesituations when we do not know exactly the  distance.  Probabilistic Metric space was  introduced by Karl Menger. Alsina, Schweizer and Sklar gave a general definition of  probabilistic normed space based on the definition of Menger [1]. In this note we study the PN spaces which are  topological vector spaces and the open mapping an...

In this paper, we propose a new definition of intuitionistic fuzzyquasi-metric and pseudo-metric spaces based on intuitionistic fuzzy points. Weprove some properties of intuitionistic fuzzy quasi- metric and pseudo-metricspaces, and show that every intuitionistic fuzzy pseudo-metric space is intuitionisticfuzzy regular and intuitionistic fuzzy completely normal and henceintuitionistic fuzzy nor...

In this paper, we provide a generalization of rectangular b-metric space by relaxing the inequality to include unequal weights. We examples and restrictions for Lipschitz constant enabling convergence some sequences in proof fixed point theorems.