BACKGROUND Plantar heel pain is a commonly occurring foot complaint. Stretching is frequently utilised as a treatment, yet a systematic review focusing only on its effectiveness has not been published. This review aimed to assess the effectiveness of stretching on pain and function in people with plantar heel pain. METHODS Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, AMED, and The Cochrane Library were searched ...

in this study caulerpa racemosa has been characterized and used for the removal of cd(ii) and pb (ii) from aqueous solutions. the effect of ph, adsorbent dosage, contact time and temperature on adsorption process was studied in batch experiments. langmuir and freundlich models were applied to describe the biosorption isotherm of the metal ions by c. racemosa biomass. the adsorption data can be ...

Stretching in continuum mechanics is naturally described using the Cauchy–Green strain tensors. These tensors quantify the Lagrangian stretching experienced by a material element, and provide a powerful way to study processes in turbulent fluid flows that involve stretching such as vortex stretching and alignment of anisotropic particles. Analysing data from a simulation of isotropic turbulence...

The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of different stretching exercises on the performance of the traditional Wingate test (WT). Fifteen male participants performed five WT; one for familiarization (FT), and the remaining four after no stretching (NS), static stretching (SS), dynamic stretching (DS), and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF). Stretches were target...

The time courses of interleukin (IL)-6 gene expression and protein production were examined in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) subjected to cyclic stretching. IL-6 protein was increased even in cells without stretching. Fold changes determined by dividing the level of IL-6 protein in stretched cells by that in unstretched cells at the same sampling times indicated that IL-6 pr...

Miyahara, Y, Naito, H, Ogura, Y, Katamoto, S, and Aoki, J. Effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching and static stretching on maximal voluntary contraction. J Strength Cond Res 27(1): 195–201, 2013—This study was undertaken to investigate and compare the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching and static stretching on maximal voluntary contrac...

Stretching is a stimulation of muscle growth. Stretching for hours or days has an effect on muscle hypertrophy. However, differences of continuous stretching and repetitive stretching to affect muscle growth are not well known. To clarify the difference of continuous and repetitive stretching within a short duration, we investigated the gene expression of muscle-related genes on stretched skele...