tp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wjorl.20 95-8811/Copyright a 2017 Chinese d. This is an open access article un Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy were developed hundreds of years ago, but they enjoyed wide popularity beginning in the early 20th century as a preventive treatment of Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) pharyngotonsillitis and its feared complication rheumatic heart disease. During...

Acute streptococcal gingivitis is an acute inflammation of the oral mucosa and also may be seen with the other oral diseases as aggressive periodontitis that is characterized by a considerable attachment loss over a relatively short period of time. Streptococcal infections of gingiva are seen rarely; also the origin of this gingival inflammation is occasionally different from that of routine pl...

Bacteremia and/or toxic shock syndrome are rare complications of streptococcal pharyngitis in adults. This report describes a previously healthy young man with streptococcal toxic shock syndrome who presented with fatigue, high fever, and suspected extensive streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis. Treatment consisted of high-dose antibiotics followed by therapy for consumptive coagulopathy, acute re...

BACKGROUND Streptococcal infections are known to trigger autoimmune disorders, affecting millions worldwide. Recently, we found an association between post-streptococcal autoantibodies against Protein Disulphide Isomerase (PDI), an enzyme involved in insulin degradation and insulin resistance. This led us to evaluate associations between post-streptococcal antibodies and metabolic syndrome, as ...

The complement cascade is crucial for clearance and control of invading pathogens, and as such is a key target for pathogen mediated host modulation. C3 is the central molecule of the complement cascade, and plays a vital role in opsonization of bacteria and recruitment of neutrophils to the site of infection. Streptococcal species have evolved multiple mechanisms to disrupt complement-mediated...

OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of group A streptococcal infection and to evaluate the predictive value of clinical findings and rapid streptococcal antigen detection testing in patients presenting with a sore throat or suspected clinically to have acute pharyngitis. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING Accident and emergency department of a public hospital, Hong Kong. P...

A single, constricted tube containing two differential media to identify and differentiate group D streptococci was developed. Test results with a limited number of group D streptococcal isolates were in complete agreement with results of conventional procedures.

An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system for determination of antibody levels to the group A streptococcal cell wall carbohydrate antigen is described. Optimal conditions for antigen preparation, purification, and conjugation to poly-L-lysine for adequate adsorption to the solid phase are presented. Antibody titers of unknown sera were determined by comparison to known reference sta...

A 35-year-old man presented with polyarthritis and constitutional symptoms, and a recent history of multiple tick bites and skin rash on trekking holiday. He did not respond to oral doxycycline and cephalexine for presumed Lyme's disease. Further investigation confirmed strongly positive streptococcal serology. There was absence of clinical or echocardiography evidence of heart involvement and ...

Streptococcal proteinase was shown to belong to a group of enzymes such as trypsin, chymotrypsin, and subtilisin that exhibit a high ratio of esterase to peptidase activity. In this respect, streptococcal proteinase is different from other sulfhydryl enzymes, such as papain and ficin, and also different from pepsin. These enzymes hydrolyze a specific ester and amide substrate at comparable rate...