BACKGROUND Female Sex Workers (FSWs) are main drivers of the HIV epidemic in Nepal. The work environment of sex work in Nepal is differentiated into establishment based (e.g. massage parlors, dance restaurants, hotels and lodges) and street based (e.g. streets, parks and markets). The study compares HIV, syphilis and risk behaviours among establishment-based FSWs and street-based FSWs in Kathma...

objective(s):previous studies demonstrated a functional similarity between vertebrate and honey bee nervous systems. the aim of the present study was to compare the effects of heroin and iranian street kerack, a combination of heroin and caffeine, on sensory threshold and locomotor activity in honey bees. materials and methods: all drugs were given orally to honey bees 30 min before each experi...

Objective: This research aimed to predict suicidality and addiction (substance, alcohol, cigarette, psychoactive drugs) among university students based on Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and exposure to the suicide of family members and or friends. Methods: The research method was cross-sectional. The statistical community included all students of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ard...

A street child is someone under age 18 years who spends a considerable amount of time living or working on the street. Street children may have either run away from the home without their parents' permission, been forced onto the streets by their parents, or be orphans. Data are presented on 1147 street children aged 8-19 years interviewed between May 13 and June 9, 1997, in four market areas...

background: the illicit vials with street name temgesic and norgesic has been distributed in black market of iran in recent years. with reference to their name, one may presume that they contain the opioid buprenorphine but there are some reports in opposition to this. true nature of these vials has been shown in the current study. methods: all of drugs that had been apprehended by law enforcem...

Introduction Drug case criminal prosecution relies upon laws specifying what is and what is not legal. Underground chemists try to avoid prosecution by modifying illegal materials to produce synthetic “designer drugs” which may slip through legal loopholes. Recent designer drug targets include cathinones and cannabinoids. Cathinones and related drugs are found on the street labeled as “Bath Sal...

The street garment vendors are playing a significant role in the fields of the economic development through protecting resources (garment products) from such a position where they are treated as wastes; very much less valued products and creating the opportunity for self-employment. This study aimed at showing the economic contribution and the impact of the street vendors to the local community...

Amphetamine use in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s resulted in many reports of death attributed to toxicity. Few approved indications exist for the medical use of amphetamine and its derivatives. Unfortunately, when compared with other illegal street drugs, nonmedical uses of various amphetamines have been increasing in the 1990s. The abuse of amphetamines continues to cause severe and lethal intoxi...

Data from the 2001 College Alcohol Study, a national sample of U.S. college students, were used to conduct multinomial logistic regression analysis examining correlates of substance use. Students were divided into three groups based on their lifetime substance use: non-users, non-medical prescription drug use only, and illicit/street drug use only. The purpose of this analytic strategy was to e...

The illicit consumption of psychoactive compounds may cause short and long-term health problems and addiction. This is also true for amphetamines and cocaine, which target monoamine transporters. In the recent past, an increasing number of new compounds with amphetamine-like structure such as mephedrone or 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) entered the market of illicit drugs. Subtle structu...