An analytical model characterizing the atmospheric radiance field over a non-Lambertian surface divides the radiation field into three components: unscattered radiance, single-scattering radiance, and multiple-scattering radiance. The first two components are calculated exactly. A δ-four-stream approximation is extended to calculate the azimuth-independent multiple-scattering radiance over a no...

This paper uses past hydrological records in northeastern Illinois to understand the e ects of urban development and climatic variability at di erent spatial scales in the Greater Chicago Area. A step increase in annual precipitation occurred in northeastern Illinois during 1965− 1972 according to climate records. Urbanization has occurred as a gradual process over the entire Greater Chicago Ar...

Juveniles from three species of Hawaiian gobiid fishes climb waterfalls as part of an amphidromous life cycle, allowing them to re-penetrate adult upstream habitats after being swept out to the ocean upon hatching. The importance of climbing for juvenile stream gobies is well established, but adult fishes in upstream island habitats also face potential downstream displacement by catastrophic di...

[1] We document Quaternary fluvial incision driven by fault-controlled surface deformation in the inverted intermontane Gökırmak Basin in the Central Pontide mountains along the northern margin of the Central Anatolian Plateau. In-situ-produced 10Be, 21Ne, and 36Cl concentrations from gravel-covered fluvial terraces and pediment surfaces along the trunk stream of the basin (the Gökırmak River) ...

FEM simulation of Eddystone lighthouse is provided. Incorporated bionic tower modelled as well. Load cases including gravity force, wind thrust, water stream and 50-year wave impulse are accomplished. Stress concentrator system described. Effect tension stress compensation caused by showed. Low gradient dispensation demonstrated for outer surfaces. Recommendation touching places to monitor give...

Commercial Cheddar cheese production uses an automated, continuous system that provides favorable conditions for specific undesirable bacterial subpopulations in certain sections of the processing system. The draining and matting conveyor (DMC) is a large, fully enclosed series belts separates curd whey on first drain belt supports cheddaring process subsequent sections. In previous study, we d...

The effective purification of corrosive gases at the cathode air stream side is essential for proton exchange membrane fuel cells’ performance in real-world applications. Gas molecular diffusion depth along pore channel a sufficient parameter that determines effectiveness porous media. collision between gas molecules and surfaces crucial determinant depth. An analytical model was developed to p...

Numerous teleconnections have been identified based upon spatial variability in sea level pressure or lower-tropospheric geopotential height fields. These teleconnections, which are commonly strongest in winter when the mean meridional temperature gradient is large, typically are neither derived from nor linked to changes in the jet stream. Here, winter tropospheric jet stream cores over the No...

We present a study of superfluid vortex dynamics on general axisymmetric compact surfaces with no holes. Specifically, we develop method to transform conformally from the surface plane, where use familiar methods based hydrodynamic stream function. Our approach shows that vortices constitute Hamiltonian dynamical system, their angular positions as canonical variables. The motion conserves both ...