This paper addresses the two interpretations a combination of negative indefinites can get in concord languages like French, namely a concord reading which amounts to a single negation, or a double negation reading. I defend a polyadic approch in which a sequence of negative indefinites can be interpreted as iteration of quantifiers or as resumption. The first option leads to a scopal relation,...

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is the state of the art algorithm for General Game Playing (GGP). Playout Policy Adaptation with move Features (PPAF) is a state of the art MCTS algorithm that learns a playout policy online. We propose a simple modification to PPAF consisting in memorizing the learned policy from one move to the next. We test PPAF with memorization (PPAFM) against PPAF and UCT fo...

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is the state of the art algorithm for General Game Playing (GGP). We propose to learn a playout policy online so as to improve MCTS for GGP. We also propose to learn a policy not only using the moves but also according to the features of the moves. We test the resulting algorithms named Playout Policy Adaptation (PPA) and Playout Policy Adaptation with move Featur...

In this paper we describe the perfect solving of rectangular empty Domineering boards. Perfect solving is defined as solving without any search. This is done solely based on the number of various move types in the initial position. For this purpose we first characterize several such move types. Next we define 12 knowledge rules, of increasing complexity. Of these rules, 6 can be used to show th...

Planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling generates subcellular asymmetry along an axis orthogonal to the epithelial apical-basal axis. Through a poorly understood mechanism, cell clones that have mutations in some PCP signaling components, including some, but not all, alleles of the receptor frizzled, cause polarity disruptions of neighboring wild-type cells, a phenomenon referred to as domineering...

Behavioral patterns, including sexual behavioral patterns, are usually understood as biological adaptations increasing the fitness of their carriers. Many parasites, so-called manipulators, are known to induce changes in the behavior of their hosts to increase their own fitness. Such changes are also induced by a parasite of cats, Toxoplasma gondii. The most remarkable change is the fatal attra...

Abstract The study claims that contemporary Udmurt has two main strategies for expressing a ‘constituent negation reading’. Standard makes use of inverse-scope constructions involving sentential negation, i.e. morphosyntactically negated predicate and pragmatic focus in the scope negation. other strategy involves negator ńe borrowed from Russian, which immediately precedes constituent combines ...