We present a crossed molecular beam scattering study, using velocity-map ion-imaging detection, of state-to-state rotational energy transfer for NO(A(2)Σ(+)) in collisions with the kinematically identical colliders He and D2. We report differential cross sections and angle-resolved rotational angular momentum polarization moments for transfer of NO(A, v = 0, N = 0, j = 0.5) to NO(A, v = 0, N' =...

In this study, an approach for damage detection of large-scale structures is developed by employing kinetic and modal strain energies and also Heuristic Particle Swarm Optimization (HPSO) algorithm. Kinetic strain energy is employed to determine the location of structural damages. After determining the suspected damage locations, the severity of damages is obtained based on variations of modal ...

Thin-walled structures like crash boxes may be used as energy absorption members in automotive chassis. There have been many studies addressing the behaviors of energy absorption members on frontal crash. These researches have attempted to predict the energy absorption and maximum impact load in shell structures. The energy absorption and maximum impact load depend on many parameters including ...

Fracture has always been a serious concern in the design and repair of steel structures such as ships. Because of these concerns, much research has been ongoing in the causes of fractures and in ways which they could be predicted and thus prevented. The objective of this study was to flnd, test and evaluate a method for measuring tht:: critical strain energy density with tensile specimens. Plas...

It is well known that a state of pure shear has distinct sets of basis vectors or coordinate systems: the principal axes, in which the stress σ is diagonal, and pure shear bases, in which diagσ = 0. The latter is commonly taken as the definition of pure shear, although a state of pure shear is more generally defined by trσ = 0. New results are presented that characterize all possible pure shear...

The origin of the accelerated expansion of the universe is still unclear and new physics is needed on cosmological scales. We propose and test a novel interpretation of dark energy as originated by an elastic strain due to a cosmic defect in an otherwise Euclidean space-time. The strain modifies the expansion history of the universe. This new effective contribution tracks radiation at early tim...

The purpose of this paper is to provide yet another solution to a fundamental problem in computer aided geometric design, i.e., constructing a smooth curve satisfying given endpoint (position and tangent) conditions. A new class of curves, called optimized geometric Hermite (OGH) curves, is introduced. An OGH curve is defined by optimizing the magnitudes of the endpoint tangent vectors in the H...

BACKGROUND Steric strain in protein three-dimensional structures is related to unfavorable inter-atomic interactions. The steric strain may be a result of packing or functional requirements, or may indicate an error in the coordinates of a structure. Detailed energy functions are, however, usually considered too noisy for error detection. RESULTS After a short energy refinement, a full-atom, ...