The model system consisted of bacteriophage MS-2, bentonite clay, and hypochlorous acid (HOC1). Factors that influenced association of the bacterial virus with bentonite were the titer of unadsorbed viruses, clay concentration, cation concentration, temperature, stirring rate, and the presence of soluble organics. Variation of the kinetic adsorption rate constant with stirring speed indicates t...

The aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) microspheres containing acetazolamide. Microspheres were prepared by solvent evaporation method. The influence of formulation factors (polymer: drug ratio, aqueous: oil phase ratio, concentration of aqueous phase, stirring speed and stirring time) on morphology, particle size, encapsulation and recovery efficiency were...

Abstract A new multi-site phase-transfer catalyst (MPTC), viz., N,N’-dioctyl-4,4’-bipyridium dibromide containing bi-site was prepared and proved by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass and elemental analysis. The enhancement of C-N+ peak intensity at 1179 cm−1 noticed in FT-IR, the agreement of m/z values, viz., 542.43 bi-site respectively with their theoretical values and the percentage of C, H, N e...

A multiple-unit oral floating system was prepared using the emulsification-solvent diffusion method to prolong the gastric emptying time of theophylline. For this purpose, theophylline, ethyl cellulose and dibutyl phthalate were dissolved in an ethanol/dichloromethane mixture, added to 0.1 M HCl containing NaCl (20%) or saturated theophylline and/or different concentrations of polysorbate 80 an...

_I BHARMACIA GRADIENT MIXER GM-1 The prime requirement for the production of linear ionic strength gradients is efficient mixing of the components of the gradient. In the Pharmacia Gradient Mixer GM-1 this is achieved by a blade configuration which lifts the dense incoming solution from the bottom of the mixing chamber and distributes i t evenly throughout the whole eluant at a low stirring spe...

PAH removal with surfactant enhanced washing was investigated through a series of laboratory tests to examine the effect of stirring speed, washing time, surfactant concentration, liquid/solid ratio, temperature, and on-and-off mode. The first four factors show significant influence on the PAH removal while the latter two do not. Total removal ratio and a new proposed parameter, solubilization ...

We analyze an example system of four coupled phase oscillators and discover a novel phenomenon that we call a “heteroclinic ratchet”; a particular type of robust heteroclinic network on a torus where connections wind in only one direction. The coupling structure has only one symmetry, but there are a number of invariant subspaces and degenerate bifurcations forced by the coupling structure, and...

This study investigates the influence of stirring speeds variation (50 rpm, 100 and 150 rpm) on tensile strength fiberglass composite fabricated by Vacuum Assisted Resin Infusion (VARI) method. The VARI process involves injecting resin into dry fibers placed inside a plastic bag under low pressure, ensuring complete wetting fibers. research aims to identify optimal speed for production performi...

Colemanite is one of the most important underground riches of Turkey, having approximately 60% of the world boron deposits, and it has a large portion in the deposits. In this study, chemical leaching and biological leaching methods were used for production of boric acid from colemanite (2CaO · 3B3O3 · 5H2O) (Emet-Kütahya, Turkey). Oxalic acid concentration, temperature, stirring time and solid...

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) and their fragments are targets of therapeutic developments and are increasingly used as therapeutic, prophylactic, and research reagents. However, published data on their properties vary widely. In order to gain a better understanding of these variations, we initiated a systematic investigation of the stability parameters of catalytic light chains (Lc) as well as ...