This paper attempts to illustrate the benefits of using slag models based on the thermodynamics of steelmaking reactions and the multi-dimensional modeling of phase equilibria. The use of mass balance calculations and the application of these personal computer-based slag models to the refinement of standard operating procedures can simultaneously result in shorter process times, more predictabl...

The iron and steelmaking industry faces the dilemma of need to decrease their greenhouse gas emissions align with decarbonization goals, while at same time fulfill increasing steel demand from growing population. Replacing fossil coal coke biomass-based carbon materials reduces net dioxide emissions. However, there is currently a shortage charcoal fully cover achieve emission-reduction goals. M...

One of the largest problems facing steelmaking industry is high amount waste currently produced and low that recycled. This study aims to look at suitability 3 different samples basic oxygen (BOS) slag as a construction material, in concert with their carbon capture capacity. Characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy...

Abstract This paper analyzes the effect of new technology for steel refining—the basic oxygen furnace—on productivity growth using decomposition method. I employ a technique that decomposes into four factors: operational improvement, within- and between-technology reallocation, entry–exit effects. demonstrate following two factors are both substantially important: (i) rapid progress (ii) reall...

At the present time the production of steel in LD converters belongs to the most widely used technology in manufactu-ring pig iron. The steelmaking process belongs to very complicated metallurgical processes. Because of high pro-duction costs, which are closely tied to the interruption of the melting process with an early check, the tendency is to minimize these costs. It would be an advantage ...

Fuzzy constraints must be ne-tuned for a certain task. However, such ne-tuning cannot be done for all possible instantiations of a problem, and thus is generally done on protypical constraints. These templates are applied during run-time to a certain actual situation, i.e., dynamically adapted and applied only where necessary. This paper describes issues arising from the existance of such dynam...

Frequent delays will be experienced in the start-up of molten steel on converter equipment during steelmaking–continuous casting (SCC) production process due to untimely supply iron or scrap, which may cause conflicts between adjacent heat same casting. The machine is cut off, resulting failure static scheduling plan. SCC ladle re-scheduling based premise that path remains unchanged, operation ...