BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Status epilepticus (SE) is defined as epileptic seizures of greater than five minutes or more than one seizure within a five minute period without returning to normal consciousness between them. It is a life-threatening condition particularly if treatment is delayed. Previous studies reported age, duration and etiology of SE as primary determinants of mortality. METHODS...

CONTEXT Laboratory studies in cognitive psychology with relatively brief final recall intervals suggest that repeated retrieval in the form of tests may result in better retention of information compared with repeated study. OBJECTIVES Our study evaluates if repeated testing of material taught in a real-life educational setting (a didactic conference for paediatric and emergency medicine resi...

Status epilepticus (SE) is one of the most serious manifestations of epilepsy. Systemic inflammation and damage of blood-brain barrier (BBB) are etiologic cofactors in the pathogenesis of pilocarpine SE while acute osmotic disruption of the BBB is sufficient to elicit seizures. Whether an inflammatory-vascular-BBB mechanism could apply to the lithium-pilocarpine model is unknown. LiCl facilitat...

INTRODUCTION There is a known relationship between convulsive status epilepticus (SE) and hippocampal injury. Although the precise causes of this hippocampal vulnerability remains uncertain, potential mechanisms include excitotoxicity and ischaemia. It has been hypothesised that during the early phase of seizures, cerebral blood flow (CBF) increases in the cortex to meet energy demand, but it i...

OBJECTIVES To determine the proportion of refractory status epilepticus (RSE) and super-RSE (SRSE) among patients with status epilepticus (SE) and to analyze RSE and non-RSE (NRSE) in terms of etiology and predictors for RSE. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients were identified from discharge summaries database with keywords of SE and records of the portable electroencephalogram (EEG) machine from ...

Magnetic resonance images are useful in the study of experimental models of temporal lobe epilepsy. The manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) technique is of interest since it combines the effects caused by manganese on the increased contrast in activated cell populations, when competing with calcium in synaptic transmission. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the temporal evolution of...

Introduction. Classically, stress-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC), also known as takotsubo cardiomyopathy, displays the pathognomonic feature of reversible left ventricular apical ballooning without coronary artery stenosis following stressful event(s). Temporary reduction in ejection fraction (EF) resolves spontaneously. Variants of SIC exhibiting mid-ventricular regional wall motion abnormalitie...

R. Fallah MD Abstract: Objective Refractory convulsive Status Epilepticus (SE) which does not respond to first line drugs (benzodiazepines, phenytoin and phenobarbital) heralds an emergency condition in pediatric neurology which can cause irreparable brain damage. There is no consensus on the choice of drug treatment for refractory generalized convulsive status epilepticus in children. Lidocain...

OBJECTIVE To assess risk factors and prognosis in patients with refractory status epilepticus (RSE). METHODS We retrospectively analysed all episodes of status epilepticus (SE) treated between 1993 and 2002 on the neurological intensive care unit (NICU) of the Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin. The predictive and prognostic features of RSE were compared with non-RSE (NRSE). All patients with...

objective hemiconvulsion-hemiplegia-epilepsy syndrome (hhe) is an initial phase of unilateral or predominantly unilateral convulsive seizures usually of long duration, with a second phase of hemiplegia (usually permanent), immediately following the hemiconvulsions;and then a third stage, characterized by the appearance of partial epileptic seizures. the causes of the initial convulsions in hhe ...