conclusions resistance to oxacillin and other antibiotics was high, and most of the isolates were found to be multi-drug resistance (mdr). plasmid analysis of representative s. aureus isolates also demonstrates the presence of a wide range of plasmid sizes, with no consistent relationship between plasmid profiles and resistance phenotypes. regular surveillance of hospital infections and monitor...

background protein a is the virulence factors of staphylococcus aureus rolling in its pathogenesis, and its gene is used for typing. polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) with different enzymes has been used for this action. objectives in this study, we used bsp143i enzyme for digestion of the gene, coding protein a (spa gene) in s. aureus. the bacteria w...

conclusions in the present study, we found a high prevalence of mrsa at the hospitals studied. the findings emphasized the increased prevalence of mrsa isolates containing different toxin and adhesion genes, probably accompanied by antimicrobial resistance. infection with such isolates worsens the clinical outcomes as well as the morbidity and mortality rates in hospitalized patients in icus. m...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence UTI in Salahadin governorate/Iraq, identify causative agents, their antibiotic sensitivity and ability form biofilms; such studies are mandatory determine empirical therapy cases. A total 650 urine samples were collected. Two hundred fifty cultured, as suspected having UTI, 193 (77.2 %) showed growth (Positive culture), while 57 (22.8 negative...

Antimicrobial polypeptides are widely distributed effec-tors of host defense in animals and plants. They include enzymes that digest vital microbial structures (e.g., lysozyme, neutrophil elastase, phospholipase A2), substances that bind and sequester iron or other essential nutrients (e.g., lacto-ferrin), and polypeptides that insert into and disrupt microbial membranes (e.g., bactericidal per...

CRISPR/Cas systems mediate bacterial adaptive immune responses that evolved to protect bacteria from bacteriophage and other horizontally transmitted genetic elements. Several CRISPR/Cas systems exist but the simplest variant, referred to as Type II, has a single effector DNA endonuclease, called Cas9, which is guided to its viral DNA target by two small RNAs, the crRNA and the tracrRNA. Initia...

On 25 March, EFSA and ECDC jointly published 'The European Union Summary Report on antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food 2012' [1]. The report features Salmonella, Campylobacter, E. coli indicator bacteria and Staphyloccus aureus. Salmonella and Campylobacter are the most common causes of zoonotic foodborne infections. According to the report,...

introduction: one of the most important agents in hospital-acquired infections is staphylococcus aureus. treatment of methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa) infections with decreased susceptibility to vancomycin has recently been more difficult. the aim of this study was to evaluate the possible presence of vancomycin intermediate s. aureus (visa) and vancomycin- resistant s. aureus (vrsa) and ...