We report here the development of a corona discharge (CD) initiated electrochemical (EC) electrospray ionization (ESI) technique using a standard electrospray ion source. This is a new ionization technique distinct from ESI, electrochemistry inherent to ESI, APCI, and techniques using hydroxyl radicals produced under atmospheric pressure conditions. By maximizing the observable CD at the tip of...

The electrochemical oxidation of sulfamethazine (SMZ) has been studied at a multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified glassy carbon electrode (MWCNT-GCE) by cyclic voltammetry. This modified electrode (MWCNT-GCE) exhibited excellent electrocatalytic behavior toward the oxidation of SMZ as evidenced by the enhancement of the oxidation peak current and the shift in the anodic potential to less posit...

Adopting the theoretical scheme developed by the Nørskov group [see, for example, Nørskov et al., J. Phys. Chem. B 108, 17886 (2004)], we conducted a density functional theory study of photo-driven oxidation processes of water on various terminations of the clean hematite (α-Fe2O3) (0001) surface, explicitly taking into account the strong correlation among the 3d states of iron through the Hubb...

Selectivity presents a crucial challenge in direct electrochemical sensing. One example is schizophrenia treatment monitoring of the redox-active antipsychotic clozapine. To accurately assess efficacy, differentiation from its metabolite norclozapine-similar in structure and redox potential-is critical. Here, the authors leverage biomaterials integration to study, and effect changes in, diffusi...

The electrochemical grafting process of 4-nitrobenzene and 4-methoxybenzene (anisole) from diazonium salt solutions has been investigated in situ by monitoring the current density, the band bending, and the nonradiative surface recombination during grafting at different potentials and different concentrations of the diazonium salt in the solution. Ex situ infrared spectroscopic ellipsometry has...

The nature and photoelectrochemical reactivity of nanoporous semiconductor electrodes have attracted a great deal of attention. Nanostructured materials have promising capabilities applicable for the construction of various photonic and electronic devices. In this paper, a mesoporous TiO(2) thin film photoanode was soaked in an aqueous methanol solution using an O(2)-reducing Pt-based cathode i...

Disulfide bonds are important chemical cross-links that control the elasticity of fibrous protein materials such as hair, feather, wool and gluten in breadmaking dough. Here we present a novel computational approach using the first-principles-based ReaxFF reactive force field and demonstrate that this approach can be used to show that the fracture strength of disulfide bonds is decreased under ...

An organic radical based composite cathode comprised of poly(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxy-4-yl methacrylate) (PTMA)-Ketjenblack was developed by a simple solvent-less electrode fabrication method. The composite cathode demonstrated a two-electron redox reaction of PTMA that is from an aminoxy anion (n-type) via a radical to an oxoammonium cation (p-type) with the corresponding redox potent...

The respiratory control of adhE, which encodes ethanol (alcohol) dehydrogenase in Escherichia coli, was examined at the transcriptional level by using various phi (adhE'-lacZ) adhE+ merodiploid strains. Expression of the adhE'-lacZ operon fusion was increased about eightfold by anaerobic growth. Under anaerobic growth conditions, provision of nitrate lowered the level of expression. Nitrate rep...

The bioavailability and mobility of Pu species can be profoundly affected by siderophores and other oxygen-rich organic ligands. Pu(IV)(siderophore) complexes are generally soluble and may constitute with other soluble organo-Pu(IV) complexes the main fraction of soluble Pu(IV) in the environment. In order to understand the impact of siderophores on the behavior of Pu species, it is important t...