OBJECTIVE To compare the haemodynamic effect of crystalloids and colloids during acute severe hypovolaemic shock. DESIGN Exploratory subgroup analysis of a multicentre randomised controlled trial (Colloids Versus Crystalloids for the Resuscitation of the Critically Ill, CRISTAL, ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00318942). SETTING CRISTAL was conducted in intensive care units in Europe, North Africa an...

This paper examines the non-perturbed deposition and re-entrainment dynamics of biological and non-biological colloids in porous media in the presence of an energy barrier to deposition at the grain surface. Deposition and re-entrainment rate coefficients were determined from numerical simulation of breakthrough–elution behavior and the profiles of retained colloids. We present composite trends...

I t has been recognized for some time that it is necessary to subdivide colloids into two groups, the hydrop~lic and the hydrophobic colloids, according to the influence of electrolytes on their precipitation. To the hydrophilic colloids belong among others proteins and soaps, and to the hydrophobic colloids, collodion, mastic, graphite, metal oxides, etc. The hydrophobic colloids (such as mast...

The competition of depletion attractions and longer-ranged repulsions between colloidal particles in colloid-polymer mixtures leads to the formation heterogeneous gel-like structures. For instance, gel networks, i.e., states where colloids arrange thin strands that span whole system occur at low packing fractions for are stronger than those binodal line equilibrium liquid-fluid phase separation...

We report the first example of reversible encapsulation of micron-sized particles by oppositely charged submicron smaller colloids. The reversibility of this encapsulation process is regulated by pH-responsive poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) present in solution. The competitive adsorption between the small colloids and the poly(acrylic acid) on the surface of the large colloids plays a key role in the...

In this work, thermo-optical properties of gold nanoparticle colloids are studied using continuous wave (CW) laser irradiation at 532 nm. The nanoparticle colloids are fabricated by 18 ns pulsed laser ablation of pure gold plate in the distilled water. The formation of the nanoparticles has been evidenced by optical absorption spectra and transmission electron microscopy. The nonlinear optical ...

Gold nanostars are among the most efficient plasmonic nanomaterials for optical sensing with surface enhanced Raman scattering. In recent years, gold have increased relevance in physics, analytical chemistry, environmental science, biology and medicine, particular therapy. These colloids can sustain ultrastrong electromagnetic fields which allow their use as single particles enhancers; colloida...

There are few issues in critical care medicine that have a less clearly defined standard of care than the intravenous fluid choice for resuscitation. Natural colloids (such as albumin) became popular during the Second World War when there was a need to develop a portable, easily stored, blood substitute. Early successes led to widespread use and a multibillion dollar industry. It is not surpris...

Previous work performed on electron-irradiated Li2O crystals has demonstrated the simultaneous formation of two populations of colloids of metallic lithium, one is associated with oxygen bubbles and a typical size of >10 microm, while the other one consists of nanoclusters in the range of <10 nm. In the present neutron scattering investigation these small colloids are characterized in detail ba...