Physical properties such as surface hardness of dental materials are directly linked to their clinical behavior. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of extended curing time on the polymerization depth offluoride-containing materials used as pit and fissure sealants. Conventional and extended exposure times (20 and 60 seconds) were used to photoactivate a gold-standard pit and...

The most commonly used approach to estimate soil variables from remote-sensing data entails time-consuming and expensive data collection including chemical and physical laboratory analysis. Large spectral libraries could be exploited to decrease the effort of soil variable estimation and obtain more widely applicable models. We investigated the feasibility of a new approach, referred to as bott...

A numerical study to investigate the steady laminar natural convection flow in a square cavity with uniformly and non-uniformly heated bottom wall, and adiabatic top wall maintaining constant temperature of cold vertical walls has been performed. A penalty finite element method with bi-quadratic rectangular elements has been used to solve the governing mass, momentum and energy equations. The n...

Square is a multivariate quadratic encryption scheme proposed in 2009. It is a specialization of Hidden Field Equations by using only odd characteristic elds and also X as its central map. In addition, it uses embedding to reduce the number of variables in the public key. However, the system was broken at Asiacrypt 2009 using a di erential attack. At PQCrypto 2010 Clough and Ding proposed two n...

A low profile planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) is proposed for mobile handset applications. The proposed antenna covers DCS-1800 & PCS-1900 bands. The antenna consists of a square planar element suspended above the FR4 dielectric substrate. The ground plane is on the bottom side of the substrate. Overall size of the antenna is 22*22*5.2 mm3 and is well suited for mobile handsets due to its low ...

In the case of zigzag air classifier of standard depth the channel depth dt is fixed by the section length Ls and the angle between the sections a. The channel width Wc remains to be specified. The author chose the square-bottom configuration (JI c = Ls = 20 cm) for three air classifiers investi­ gated in the paper. An alternative choice is to have Wc inversely proportional to sin a, 0 < a < 18...

When delegations to an assembly or council represent differently sized constituencies, they are often allocated voting weights which increase in population numbers (EU Council, US Electoral College, etc.). The Penrose square root rule (PSRR) is the main benchmark for ‘fair representation’ of all bottom-tier voters in the top-tier decision making body, but rests on the restrictive assumption of ...

This paper introduces a symbolic time series representation using monotonic sub-sequences and bottom up segmentation. The representation minimizes the square error between the segments and their monotonic approximations. The representation can robustly classify the direction of a segment and is scale invariant with respect to the time and value dimensions. This paper describes two experiments. ...

Heat transfer reduction capabilities of a vertical or a horizontal adiabatic partial partition fixed in a differentially heated cavity with insulated top and bottom walls are analyzed and compared. The effects of length and location of the partition is taken into account for aspect ratios from 1 to 4 and for Rayleigh numbers from 103 to 106. Different characteristics of square and higher aspect...

We study scaling laws characterizing the interdiffusive zone between two miscible fluids flowing side by side in a Y-shape laminar micromixer using the lattice Boltzmann method. The lattice Boltzmann method solves the coupled three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamics and mass transfer equations and incorporates intrinsic features of 3D flows related to this problem. We observe the different power-la...