The present paper examines what kinds of Shanghai disyllabic lexical tone sandhi undergoes, especially in what sense and to what extent a disyllabic tone can be claimed to result from rightward spreading of the corresponding citation tone. It will be shown that F0 spreading occurs in the Long tone domains while Contour element spreading mainly in the Short tone domains.

Association mining aims to find valid correlations among data attributes, and has been widely applied to many areas of data analysis. This paper presents a semantic network-based association analysis model including three spreading activation methods. It applies this model to assess the quality of a dataset, and generate semantically valid new hypotheses for adaptive study design especially use...

Useless paths are a chronic problem for marker-passing techniques. We use a prob­ abilistic analysis to justify a method for quickly identifying and rejecting useless paths. Using the same analysis, we identify key conditions and assumptions necessary for marker-passing to perform well.

In this article we consider three versions of the spreading activation model for retrieval of information from memory. Predictions are derived for activation spreading down a linear network structure as a function of time. To test these predictions, two experiments were performed in which facilitation as a function of time was measured for target words in a linearly structured paragraph. A targ...

This paper presents two experiments exploring context effects on human judgment and testing JUDGEMAP’s predictions that irrelevant information such as the color of the stimulus can produce a contrast effect with respect to skewed stimuli set to be judged. The first experiment demonstrates the effect on a perceptual judgment task (judging the length of lines which are colored in red and green), ...

The Ontong Java-Manihiki-Hikurangi plateau (OJMHP) is considered to have originated from a starting mantle plume, and have been rifted apart by two spreading ridges. However, the ages of these spreading ridges and their possible interactions with the presumed mantle plume are unclear. The Manihiki-Hikurangi plateau has been rifted apart by the Osbourn Trough which formed the southwestern Pacifi...

In its ideal form, electronic democracy would empower citizens to vote online with convenience, security, reliability, and accessibility. However, electronic vote fraud can prevent citizens from exercising their basic rights in a democracy. Inaccessible e-voting systems also can deny citizens their rights. Unfortunately, attention to these problems generally is muted in the popular media, as th...

We present a physiologically plausible spiking neuron-level model of the superior colliculus as part of the saccade-generating visual system. Two major features of the area are the bursting behavior of its output neurons that drive eye movements, and the spreading neuron activation in the intermediate layer during a saccade. We show that the bursting activity profile that drives the main sequen...

College students ranked the interest value of 12 different gossip scenarios; likelihood of spreading the gossip; and the people to whom they would be most likely to tell the gossip, depending on whether the gossip was about male or female professors, relatives, friends, acquaintances, strangers, or a same-sex rival or a romantic partner. Damaging, negative news about rivals and positive news ab...

flood spreading stations were constructed in iran with different objectives such as groundwater recharge and vegetation recovery. accumulation of sediment can be a major problem in flood spreading stations. according to generally accepted theories, floods and salt pollution can reduce gradually the infiltration rate. in order to investigate this issue, 13 flood spreading stations were selected ...